╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░

╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░?

╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╤В╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╤В╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╛ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░╤Е ╨╕ ╨╕╤Е ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╤Е ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│ ╤Б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╝. ╨Ш╤Е ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨░╤О╤В ╨▓ ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐ (╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е) ╨╖╨░╨╝╨║╨╜╤Г╤В╤Л╤Е ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╤Е. ╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨┤╨╛╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░╤О╤В ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╡ ╤Г╨┐╤Г╤Й╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▓╨╖╨░╨╕╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╣, ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨▓╨╛╨╗╤П╤П ╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨▓ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╤Е ╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨░╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Г╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╤Е╤Б╤П ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╤Е.

╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╖╨╜╤Л ╨▓ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╤Е ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╡╤В╨╕╨║╨╛-╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤П ╨▓╨╕╨╖╤Г╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨║╨╕, ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨║╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨╕╤Б╨║╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨▒╨░╨╖╨╡ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╤Е ╨╝╤Л╤Б╨╗╨╕╨╝╤Л╤Е ╨░╨▒╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╛╨┐╨╕╤Б╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣.

╨Ю╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

• ╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░?
  • ╨Ю╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░
  • ╨и╨░╨│╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░
    • ╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А
  • ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨╕ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░
  • ╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)
  • ╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨Ъ╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Л

• ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨▓╨╕╨╖╤Г╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤Е╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓ ╨╕ ╨╕╤Е ╨▓╨╖╨░╨╕╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│ ╤Б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╝. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╤В ╨╕╨╖ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨░╨╝╨║╨╜╤Г╤В╤Л╤Е ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╗╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ (╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛ ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨▓), ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╤Л.
• ╨Ы╨╡╨╛╨╜╨░╤А╨┤ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А, ╤И╨▓╨╡╨╣╤Ж╨░╤А╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╨║, ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╗ ╤Н╤В╤Г ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╤О.
• ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░, ╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╡ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╤В╨╛╨╜╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П.
• ╨н╤В╨╛ ╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▓ ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓. ╨Т╨╕╨╖╤Г╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨║╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨╕╤Б╨║╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨▒╨░╨╖╨╡ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е тАФ ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╖╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░.

╨Ю╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░

╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨╝╨║╨╜╤Г╤В╤Л╤Е ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╤Е, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╤В ╨┐╨╗╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╤В╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡, ╨╜╨╛ ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ш╤Е ╨╜╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╤П╨╝╨╕, ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╤П ╨╕╨╖ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨╛╨║╤А╤Г╨╢╨╡╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨╝ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╤Е. ╨Ю╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╡╤В╨╕╨║╨╛-╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╨│╨┤╨╡ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╤П ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А, ╨░ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╤П ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╕╤Е ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨Я╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤Й╤М╤О ╨╛╨╜╨╗╨░╨╣╨╜-╨║╨╛╨╜╤Б╤В╤А╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨░ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░, ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤В╤М ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨╗╤О╨▒╨╛╨╣ ╨│╨╡╨╛╨╝╨╡╤В╤А╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Л. ╨ж╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨╖╨░╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨║╤А╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П, ╨░ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▓ ╨╕╤Е ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨░╤Е ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╤Е. ╨б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛, ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╡╤В╨╕╨║╨╛-╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╖╨░╨╕╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤П (╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╨╡╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М) ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╤П╨╝╨╕, ╨╖╨░╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╨╡.

╨и╨▓╨╡╨╣╤Ж╨░╤А╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╨║ ╨Ы╨╡╨╛╨╜╨░╤А╨┤ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А (1707тАУ1783) ╨┤╨░╨╗ ╨╝╨╕╤А╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░╤Е ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░, ╤Н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨░╤Е ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╤П ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╤П ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤В ╨┐╨╗╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨▓╨╡ ╨╖╨╛╨╜╤Л ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕. ╨Т╨╜╤Г╤В╤А╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╣ ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨░ ╨▓╨╜╨╡╤И╨╜╨╕╨╡ — ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л, ╨╜╨╡ ╨▓╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨▓ ╨╕╤Е ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓. ╨Ъ╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╨╡, ╨╜╨╡ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╤Е ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓, ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╜╨╡╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝╨╕╤Б╤П ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨в╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П, ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤З╨╡╤А╤В╤Л. ╨Т ╤В╨╛ ╨╢╨╡ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╤П, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤Й╨░╤П╤Б╤П ╨▓╨╜╤Г╤В╤А╨╕ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╣, ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╡╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝. ╨Ы╤О╨┤╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╤В╨╛╤А ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╤М ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨▓╤Л╨│╨╗╤П╨┤╤П╤В ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л.

╨и╨░╨│╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░

╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╖╨╜╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╨▒╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣. ╨Т ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤Л╨╗╨║╨░╤Е ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╤Д╨╕╨│╤Г╤А╨╕╤А╤Г╤О╤В ╤В╨╡╤А╨╝╨╕╨╜╤Л ┬л╨▓╤Б╨╡, ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╤В┬╗. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╝ ╤И╨░╨│╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╤Б╤Л╨╗╨║╨╕. ╨Ч╨░╤В╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨░╨┤ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤Л╨╗╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨╕╤Б╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤Л╨╗╨║╨░. ╨б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨╗╨╡╨│╨║╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┤╨░╤А╤П ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╤О ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨╣. ╨Р ╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╤А╤М ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╤В╤М ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Л. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨░╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜ ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╤П ╨╝╤Л╤Б╨╗╨╕╨╝╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤ ╨░╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨░ ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╡╨╝╤Г. ╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Е╨╛╤В╤П ╨▒╤Л ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░ ╨╝╤Л╤Б╨╗╨╕╨╝╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╤З╨╕╤В ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╛╨▓╨║╨╡, ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╤Е ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╤П╤Е ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╡╨╜, ╨░ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╤В, ╤Г╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛.

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А

╨Э╨╕╨╢╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨░╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨╛╨▒╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤В╤М, ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕.

• ╨Т╤Б╨╡ ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤О╤В, ╨╜╨╡ ╤Г╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М.
• ╨Т╤Б╨╡ ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨╡ ╤Г╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М, ╨╜╨╡ ╨│╨╛╨┤╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╤З╨╡╨▒╤Л.
• ╨б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛, ╨Т╤Б╨╡ ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤О╤В, ╨╜╨╡╨┐╤А╨╕╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╤З╨╡╨▒╤Л.

╨Я╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╝ ╤И╨░╨│╨╛╨╝ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╤Б╤Л╨╗╨║╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨░╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨░.

╨н╤В╨╛ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В:

╨б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝ ╤И╨░╨│╨╛╨╝ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤Л╨╗╨║╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨▓╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨░╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨░, ╨╕ ╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤:

╨б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛, ╨░╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В ┬л╨Т╤Б╨╡ ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤О╤В, ╨╜╨╡╨┐╤А╨╕╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╤З╨╡╨▒╤Л┬╗ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╗╨╕╨▓.

╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨╕ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░

╨Я╨╛╨╜╤П╤В╨╕╤П ┬л╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░┬╗ ╨╕ ┬л╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╤Б╤Е╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓ ╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤Й╤М╤О ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨▓. ╨н╤В╨╛╤В ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨▓╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╜ ╨░╨╜╨│╨╗╨╕╨╣╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨Ф╨╢╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨▓ 1880 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г. ╨Ю╨╜ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡╨╜ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨╕╤Б╤Ж╨╕╨┐╨╗╨╕╨╜╨░╤Е, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╨║╨░, ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨░ ╨╕ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б-╨╕╤Б╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨░╨╝╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╜╤П╤П ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤А╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░. ╨Т ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤В ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╤Л ╨╛╤В╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨░╤В╤М ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨░╤П ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤В╤М ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╕╤Е ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛.

╨Т ╤А╨░╨╝╨║╨░╤Е ╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П 1960-╤Е ╨│╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╨╕ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╨▒╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓. ╨Я╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨░╤О╤В ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨┐╤Г╤Б╤В╨╛╤В╤Г ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨╖╨░╤В╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝, ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╕╨╖-╨╖╨░ ╨╡╨╡ ╨╛╤В╤Б╤Г╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤П. ╨б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╜╤Л, ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨░╤В ╤Д╨╕╨║╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Д╨╕╨│╤Г╤А╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨░ ╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╤Г╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤П, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤В╨╡╨╝╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤Б╨╕╨╝╨▓╨╛╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╤Г╤О╤В ╨┐╤Г╤Б╤В╨╛╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛.

╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╕╤Е ╨╝╨╡╤В╨║╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╝╤Б╤П ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨╡, ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨║╤А╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡╤Б╤П ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░╤Е ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤П╨╖╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨░ ╤Б╨║╨╛╤А╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╤Г╤О ╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╤Г╤О ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤М. ╨в╨╛ ╨╡╤Б╤В╤М ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨░╤В ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨╛╨╜╤Л ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨║╤А╤Л╤В╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╤Л╨╡. ╨Э╨╡╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Н╤В╨╕, ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨░╤О╤В ╨┤╨▓╨╡ ╤В╨╡╨╝╤Л; ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╜╨╡╨╗╤М╨╖╤П ╨╛╤В╤А╨╕╤Ж╨░╤В╤М, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Г ╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨│╨╛╤А╨░╨╖╨┤╨╛ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛.

╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)

╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М, ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨░ ╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░?

╨Р╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╡╨╜ ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╤П ╨╝╤Л╤Б╨╗╨╕╨╝╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤ ╨░╤А╨│╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨░. ╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Е╨╛╤В╤П ╨▒╤Л ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░ ╨╝╤Л╤Б╨╗╨╕╨╝╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╤З╨╕╤В ╨╖╨░╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О, ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╤Е ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╤П╤Е ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╡╨╜, ╨░ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛.

╨Ъ╤В╨╛ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╗ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Г ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░?

╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╡╨╜╤Л ╤И╨▓╨╡╨╣╤Ж╨░╤А╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨Ы╨╡╨╛╨╜╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨╛╨╝. ╨Ю╨╜ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨┐╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╡╤А╨╛╨╝ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╤В╨╕╨╣ ╨▓ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨╕╤Б╤Ж╨╕╨┐╨╗╨╕╨╜╨░╤Е ╨╕ ╨▓╨╜╨╡╤Б ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨▓╨║╨╗╨░╨┤ ╨▓ ╨╜╨░╤Г╨║╤Г, ╤Д╨╕╨╖╨╕╨║╤Г ╨╕ ╨░╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤О. ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤Е╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓ ╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣.

╨Я╨╛╤З╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨▓╤Л ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Г ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░?

╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╜╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╡╤А╨░╤А╤Е╨╕╨╣ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨║╤А╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╤Е╤Б╤П ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣. ╨Т╨╕╨╖╤Г╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨║╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨╕╤Б╨║╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨▒╨░╨╖╨╡ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е тАФ ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╛ ╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤Й╤М╤О ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╨│╨░╤О╤В ╤Б ╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕

╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨н╤В╨╛ ╤А╤Г╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨┐╨╛ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░╨╝ ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░. ╨Ь╤Л ╨╛╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╤П╨╡╨╝ ╤И╨░╨│╨╕ ╨┐╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╤О ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨н╨╣╨╗╨╡╤А╨░ ╨▓╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡ ╤Б ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╨╛╨╝ ╨╕ ╨╡╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨╛╤В ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░. ╨Т╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В╨╡ ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╕╨╖ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╤Е ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╡╨╣ тАУ

• ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ┬л╤А╤Л╨▒╤М╤П ╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╤М┬╗ ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ┬л╤А╤Л╨▒╤М╤П ╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╤М┬╗ ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ┬л╤А╤Л╨▒╤М╤П ╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╤М┬╗ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨Ш╤Б╨╕╨║╨░╨▓╤Л тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╕╨╜╤Б╤В╤А╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╤П╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╤З╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛-╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤М ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╗╤О╨▒╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л ╤Б ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨╗╨░ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨╜╤Г╤В╤М.╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡
• ╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╨▓ Excel╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╨▓ Excel╨Х╤Б╤В╤М ╨┤╨▓╨░ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Л ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░. 1) ╨б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Г ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤Й╤М╤О Excel Smart Art 2) ╨б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╤Г ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ ╤Б ╤Д╨╕╨│╤Г╤А╨░╨╝╨╕ Excel.╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡
• ╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╨Ф╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨Т╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╜ ╨╕╨╖ ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝ ╨▓ Excel, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨░╨╜╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝╤П ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨░╨╝╨╕ ╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨╖ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡╤Б╤П ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨▓.╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡