╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П

╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕

╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╕, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╜╨░ ╤А╤Г╤З╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╡, ╨▓ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╡. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╨╗╨░╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╡╤А╨╜╤Г╤О ╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╤Г ╨░╨│╤А╨░╤А╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╤Е╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Я╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▓╨╜╨╡╨┤╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╛╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М, ╤Г╤Б╨║╨╛╤А╤П╨╡╤В ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╨╡╤В ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╨╜╤М ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╕.

╨Т ╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╨╡╤В ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╛╤В╤А╨░╤Б╨╗╨╡╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨╛╤В ╤В╨╡╨║╤Б╤В╨╕╨╗╤П ╨┤╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨░╨╗╨╗╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╨╛╤В ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╨╛ ╤Н╨╜╨╡╤А╨│╨╡╤В╨╕╨║╨╕. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨║ ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤Й╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤З╨╕╤Б╨╗╨░ ╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓. ╨Т ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤В ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╕, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╜╨░ ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╨░╤Е, ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨░╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨░ ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓ ╤Б╨╡╨▒╤П ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛, ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨░ ╨╕ ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨▓╨╡╨╣╨╡╤А╤Л. ╨н╤В╨╛, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╤В ╨║ ╤Г╤А╨▒╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╕╨╜╨┤╨╕╨▓╨╕╨┤╤Г╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓.

╨Ю╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

• ╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕
  • ╨Я╨╛╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕
  • ╨Ш╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕
  • ╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨░╤П ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П
  • ╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕
    • ╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А тДЦ1
    • ╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А #2
  • ╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░
  • ╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)
  • ╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨Ъ╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Л

• ╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П — ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╕╨╖ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╕, ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╨╝╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╤А╤Г╤З╨╜╤Г╤О, ╨▓ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╤Б╤В╤А╤Г╨║╤В╤Г╤А╤Г, ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╨╝╤Г╤О ╨╝╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╛╤Й╤А╤П╨╡╤В ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨╖ ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╗╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨║ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г.
• ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╡╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┐╤П╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤П ╨▓ ╨░╨│╤А╨░╤А╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡ ╨╖╨░ ╤Б╤З╨╡╤В ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╣, ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨╛╤В ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤З╨╡╨╣ ╤Б╨╕╨╗╨╡ ╨╕ ╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╣ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╤Е╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╤Л.
• ╨Я╨╡╤А╨▓╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╤П ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨╛╤И╨╗╨░ ╨▓ ╨Ч╨░╨┐╨░╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨Х╨▓╤А╨╛╨┐╨╡ ╨╕ ╨б╨╡╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨Р╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨╡ ╤Б ╤Б╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╤Л 18 ╨┤╨╛ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨░ 19 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨╛╨▓, ╨░ ╨▓╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П тАФ ╨▓ 19 ╨╕ 20 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░╤Е.
• ╨н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╤Л ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М, ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╨╡, ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╤В╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╤Г╤А╨▒╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О, ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨│╨░╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╨╜╤М ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╕ ╨╕ ╤В. ╨┤.

╨Я╨╛╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕

╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░╤Ж╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨░ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В. ╨в╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б, ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╤В ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╤Г ╨╕ ╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╤Е╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╤Л ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝, ╨║╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╤Г╤А╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝.

╨Ь╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨║╤А╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╨╝╨░╤Б╤И╤В╨░╨▒╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨▓╨╜╨╡╨┤╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╛╨▓, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╤М ╨╕ ╨╢╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╖╨╛, ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓ ╤Н╨╜╨╡╤А╨│╨╕╨╕, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╨░╤А, ╤Г╨│╨╛╨╗╤М, ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨║╤В╤А╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╕ ╨╝╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╤Л. ╨г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Б╨┐╨╛╤А╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╤Л ╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤╤Л ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨╕ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Б╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╕╨╜╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤М ╨║ ╤Г╤Б╨╕╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╖╨░╨│╤А╤П╨╖╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╤Б╨┐╨╗╤Г╨░╤В╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨░.

╨Ш╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕

╨Т╤Б╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╨▓ ╨Т╨╡╨╗╨╕╨║╨╛╨▒╤А╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨▓ 1730-╤Е ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░╤Е, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨╛╤Й╤А╤П╨╗╨░ ╤Д╨░╨▒╤А╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╤Л ╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╤Е╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╤Л ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨║ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Д╨░╨▒╤А╨╕╤З╨╜╨░╤П ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╨░ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╛╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╛╨╣.

╨б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╕ ╨╢╨╕╨▓╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨▓ ╨┤╤А╨╡╨▓╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨░. ╨Т 18 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨╡ ╤И╨╛╤В╨╗╨░╨╜╨┤╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╤В╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨Ф╨╢╨╡╨╣╨╝╤Б ╨г╨░╤В╤В ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╗ ╨┐╨░╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨▓╨╕╨│╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╨╗ ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╤А╤Г╨║╤В╤Г╤А╨╡ ╤А╤Г╤З╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨░. ╨Я╨░╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨▓╨╕╨│╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╤Л╨▓╨░╨╗ ╤Н╨╜╨╡╤А╨│╨╕╤О ╨┐╨░╤А╨░ ╨▓ ╤Н╨╜╨╡╤А╨│╨╕╤О ╨╕ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗ ╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨▒╨╛╨╣╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╡ ╨╝╨░╤И╨╕╨╜, ╤В╨╡╨╝ ╤Б╨░╨╝╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П╨╝. ╨Я╨░╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨▓╨╕╨│╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗ ╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨▒╨╛╨╣╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╡╨╖╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╨┐╨░╤А╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨│╤З╨╕╨╗╨╛ ╤А╨╡╨│╨╕╨╛╨╜╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Г╤О ╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г╨╜╨░╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Г╤О ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╨╗╤О╨Ь╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г╨╜╨░╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╤П ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╨╗╤П╨Ь╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г╨╜╨░╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╤П ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╨╗╤П ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╨╝╨╡╨╜╤Г ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨╕/╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨░╨╝╨╕ ╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨╖ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г╨╜╨░╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤Ж╤Л. ╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨░╨╗╨╡╨╡.

╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╕╨║╨╕, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨▓╤И╨╕╨╡ ╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╨▓╤И╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╤Г ╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╨╛╤А╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤А╤П╨╗╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Г, ╨░ ╨╕╤Е ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╨╗╨╕ ╨░╨▓╤В╨╛╨╝╨░╤В╤Л. ╨а╨╡╨╝╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╝╨░╤Б╤В╨╡╤А╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╨╕╤Б╤З╨╡╨╖╨╗╨╕, ╤Г╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨╕╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Д╨░╨▒╤А╨╕╨║╨░╨╝ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░╨╝. ╨Я╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Д╨░╨▒╤А╨╕╨║╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨┐╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨╝╨╕╤А╤Г, ╤Г ╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨╕╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨░, ╨║╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╡╨╖╨╢╨░╤В╤М ╨▓ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╡ ╨│╨╛╤А╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨╕╤Б╨║╨░╤Е ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Л. ╨Э╨╛ ╨╕╨╖-╨╖╨░ ╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨║ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╡ ╨▓╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М╤Ж╤Л ╤Д╨░╨▒╤А╨╕╨║ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╕ ╤Н╨║╤Б╨┐╨╗╤Г╨░╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤З╨╕╤Е, ╨╖╨░╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤П ╨╕╤Е ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╖╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╤Г╤О ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╜╤Г╤О ╨┐╨╗╨░╤В╤Г. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╖ ╨╜╨╡╨│╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕.

╨Т╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М╤Ж╤Л ╤Д╨░╨▒╤А╨╕╨║ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤В╤А╨╛╨╗╤М ╨╜╨░╨┤ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╨╝ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╛╨╝, ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╤Г ╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▓╨╝╨╡╤И╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨▓ ╤А╤Л╨╜╨╛╤З╨╜╤Г╤О ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╤Г. ╨а╤Л╨╜╨╛╤З╨╜╨░╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨░ (ME) ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╤Л, ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤Б ╨╝╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨▓╨╝╨╡╤И╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ф╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╨╛╨▓╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╤Л ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨░ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Г ╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨╛╨▓, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▓ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╡. ╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╛ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤А╤Л╨╜╨║╤Г. ╨б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤А╤Л╨╜╨╛╨║. ╨б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤А╤Л╨╜╨╛╨║ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨░╤П ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╨░, ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╤П ╨╛╤В ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▓╨╝╨╡╤И╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤В╤А╨╛╨╗╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╨╝╨░╤П ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕. ╨з╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨░╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨║╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╝, ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╝ ╨▓╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М╤Ж╤Л ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╤В╤М ╨▓╤Б╨╡, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╕╨╝ ╨╖╨░╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╤Г╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П, ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤З╨╕╨╜╤П╤П╤Б╤М ╨▓╤Л╤Б╤И╨╕╨╝ ╨▓╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╤П╨╝.

╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨░╤П ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П

╨Я╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╤П ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨▓ ╤Б╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡ 18 — ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╡ 19 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░ ╨▓ ╨Ч╨░╨┐╨░╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨Х╨▓╤А╨╛╨┐╨╡ ╨╕ ╨б╨╡╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨Р╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨╡. ╨Я╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╤В ╤Д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╕ ╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗ ╨╛╤З╨╡╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜ ╨▓ ╨Т╨╡╨╗╨╕╨║╨╛╨▒╤А╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨▓ 1760 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨░╨╗╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╛ 1840 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░. ╨Ш╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨░╨╜╨│╨╗╨╕╨╣╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В ╨Р╤А╨╜╨╛╨╗╤М╨┤ ╨в╨╛╨╣╨╜╨▒╨╕ ╨▓╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨▓╨╡╨╗ ╤Н╤В╨╛╤В ╤В╨╡╤А╨╝╨╕╨╜. ╨а╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨╜╨░ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л, ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤П ╨б╨╛╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨и╤В╨░╤В╤Л, ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╤З╨╕╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨▓ 1880-╤Е ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░╤Е.

╨н╤В╨╛╤В ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╤А╨╛╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨╗ ╨║ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝ ╨╜╨░ ╤А╤Л╨╜╨║╨╡, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤А╨╛╨▒╨╛╤В╤Л ╨▓╨╖╤П╨╗╨╕ ╨▓╨╡╤А╤Е ╨╜╨░╨┤ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤П╨╝╨╕. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╨╗╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╤Л ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╨▒╤Л╤Б╤В╤А╤Л╨╝╨╕. ╨Я╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨░ ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╤Б ╨┐╨╛╤П╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╤В╨╡╨║╤Б╤В╨╕╨╗╤П ╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨░╨╗╨╗╨╛╨▓. ╨Я╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤В╤А╨░╤Б╨╗╨╕, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Б╨┐╨╛╤А╤В ╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤М.

╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Л╤В╨╕╤П, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨У╤А╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╤Л, ╨Т╨╡╨╗╨╕╨║╨░╤П ╨┤╨╡╨┐╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨Т╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤П ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╨░, ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨▓ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Г╤О ╨╛╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╤М ╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л ╨╖╨░ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨▓ ╨б╨╛╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨и╤В╨░╤В╨░╤Е. ╨Т ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╨╛╨▓, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╤Л ╨▓ ╤Н╨╜╨╡╤А╨│╨╕╤О ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╡╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╜╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨░ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕ ╤В╨╡╨║╤Г╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨║╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨║╤В╤А╨╛╤Н╨╜╨╡╤А╨│╨╕╨╕, ╨╛╨│╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╤Л ╨┤╤А╨╡╨▓╨╡╤Б╨╕╨╜╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╝╨╛╨▓, ╨╝╨╡╨▒╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Д╨░╨▒╤А╨╕╨║, ╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨┐╨░╤Б╤Л ╨╢╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╖╨░ ╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨║╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╛╤А╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П.

╨н╤В╨░ ╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Б╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П, ╨▓╨╡╨┤╤Г╤Й╨░╤П ╨║ ╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨░╤Й╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤Й╨╕╤Е╤Б╤П ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╨╗╨░ ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▓ ╨Р╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨╡. ╨Т╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╛ ╨║ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╤О, ╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨░, ╤Г╤А╨▒╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╤О ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╤О ╨▒╨╛╨│╨░╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨░.

╨г╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╤И╨╡╨╜╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨░╨╗╨╗╨╛╨▓, ╤Е╨╕╨╝╨╕╨║╨░╤В╨╛╨▓, ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨║╤В╤А╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╕ ╨░╨▓╤В╨╛╨╝╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╨╡╨╣ ╨▓╤Л╨╖╨▓╨░╨╗╨╛ ╨▓╤В╨╛╤А╤Г╤О ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨▓ 19 ╨╕ 20 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░╤Е. ╨Э╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╤Н╤В╨░╨┐╨╡ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▓╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Г╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╗╨╕╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝ ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨╕ ╨╖╨░ ╤Б╤З╨╡╤В ╨╝╨░╤Б╤И╤В╨░╨▒╨░. ╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨░╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤Н╨╜╨╡╤А╨│╨╕╤О ╨┐╨░╤А╨░ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╤Б╨║╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨╡╤Й╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨▓ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨░╤Е ╤Б ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣╤Б╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╛╨╣, ╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╨▓ ╨Р╨╖╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨Р╤Д╤А╨╕╨║╨╡.

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕

╨Ф╨░╨▓╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╕╨╝ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╤О:

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А тДЦ1

╨Э╨░ ╤В╨╡╤А╤А╨╕╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╢╨╕╨╗╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨╝╨░ ╤Г ╨Ъ╨░╤А╨╗╨░ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨░╨┤. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╣ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨╗╨╡╨║╤Б, ╨│╨┤╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╡╤В╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤Б ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╛╨╝ ╨╝╨╛╨│╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░╨╣╤В╨╕ ╨┐╨░╤А╨║╨╛╨▓╨║╤Г ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╤Е ╨░╨▓╤В╨╛╨╝╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╨╡╨╣. ╨Ю╤Б╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╨▓ ╤Б╨╕╤В╤Г╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О, ╨╛╨╜ ╨╜╨░╤И╨╡╨╗ ╨▓╤Л╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤Н╤В╤Г ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╕╨╝╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░.

╨Ъ╨░╤А╨╗ ╤Б╨╜╨╡╤Б ╤Б╨░╨┤, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╕╤В╤М ╨┐╨░╤А╨║╨╛╨▓╨║╤Г, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╕╨╗╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨┐╨░╤А╨║╨╛╨▓╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨▓╨╛╨╗╨╕╨╗╨╛ ╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╡╨╜╤М╨│╨╕. ╨в╨░╨║ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╡╤В ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕. ╨Ю╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨╜╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨╛╨╜ ╨╕╨│╨╜╨╛╤А╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Д╨░╨║╤В╨╛╤А╤Л, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╤Г╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╨║╤А╤Г╨╢╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╤Л.

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А #2

╨Т ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╤П ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╤В╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╨░╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨▓╨╕╨│╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤П, ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨┐╨╛╤П╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨░╤Г╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╕╨║╨╕ ╨▓ ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡. ╨Р ╤З╨╡╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╤В╤Л╨╣ ╨а╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╤Г╨╢╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╤Б ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝ ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨╣, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╕╤Б╨║╤Г╤Б╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╨╗╨╗╨╡╨║╤В (╨Ш╨Ш) ╨╕ ╨Ш╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨╜╨╡╤В ╨▓╨╡╤Й╨╡╨╣ (IoT). ╨Т ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤В ╨▓╨╖╨░╨╕╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤П ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║╨░ ╨╕ ╨╝╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╤Л, ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨╕ ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╤Г╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╕ ╨▒╤Л╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╗╤О╨▒╨╛╨╣ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╤З╨╕.

╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░

╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╖╨░╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╨╗╨░ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Г ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╨╛-╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╤В╤М ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛. ╨Т ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╡ 1900-╤Е ╨│╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╗╨╛ ╤Б╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╕╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨б╨╛╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨и╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓. ╨д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤Ж╨╕╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕. ╨г ╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╤Д╨╡╤А╨╝╤Л, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨░╤Й╨╕╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╤Г╤А╤Л ╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╛╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╕╨┤╤Л ╨╢╨╕╨▓╨╛╤В╨╜╤Л╤Е. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╨╗╨╕ ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╜╨░ ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╤М ╨╕╨╖ ╨╗╤О╨▒╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╨╛╨▓.

╨Ы╤О╨┤╨╕ ╨╕ ╨╢╨╕╨▓╨╛╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨║╨╗╨░╨┤ ╨▓ ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╨┤╨╡╤П╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М. ╨Э╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨╕╨╖╨║╤Г╤О ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М, ╤Г ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨╜╨╕╨╖╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╨╢╨╕╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨н╤В╨╛╤В ╤Ж╨╕╨║╨╗ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨░╨╗╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╛ ╤В╨╡╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤А, ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░ ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤А╤Л╨▓╤Л. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨║╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Д╨╕╤Ж╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨░╨▓╤Л╨║╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╨╗╨╛ ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨╕╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╤В╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╡.

╨д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╤А╨░╤В╤М ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╡╨▒╤П ╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╤З╨╕, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨╕╤Е ╨╖╨╜╨░╨╜╨╕╤П╤Е ╨╕ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤П╤Е, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨║╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨▓╨╛╨╗╨╕╨╗╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤В╤М ╨╢╨╕╨▓╨╛╤В╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╡ ╨░╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╕ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓. ╨Ш╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╤П ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╕╨║╤Г, ╤Н╤В╨░ ╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╨░╤П ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨░ ╤Д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╕╨╗╨░ ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░, ╨╛╤В ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╡╨▓╨░ ╤Б╨╡╨╝╤П╨╜ ╨┤╨╛ ╨║╨╛╤А╨╝╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╢╨╕╨▓╨╛╤В╨╜╤Л╤Е.

╨Т╨╜╨╡╨┤╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Е╨╕╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╡ 1900-╤Е ╨│╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╨╛╤А╨╛╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╝╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨▓ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░.

╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)

╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П?

╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П тАУ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╤В ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╕, ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╨╝╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╤А╤Г╤З╨╜╤Г╤О, ╨║ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╡, ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╨╝╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╨▓╨╗╨╡╤З╨╡╤В ╨╖╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╤В ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╤Л ╨║ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╨╡ ╨╝╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝, ╨║╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╤Г╤А╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝.

╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П?

╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨░╤П ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╤Б ╤Б╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╤Л 18 ╨┐╨╛ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╛ 19 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░ ╨▓ ╨Ч╨░╨┐╨░╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨Х╨▓╤А╨╛╨┐╨╡ ╨╕ ╨б╨╡╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨Р╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨╡. ╨Т ╨Т╨╡╨╗╨╕╨║╨╛╨▒╤А╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╤В ╤Д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨║ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╤Б╤П ╨▓ 1760 ╨│. ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨░╨╗╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╛ 1840 ╨│. ╨а╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨╜╨░ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л, ╨▓ ╤В╨╛╨╝ ╤З╨╕╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨▓ ╨б╨и╨Р, ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╤З╨╕╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨▓ 1880-╤Е ╨│╨│.

╨Ъ╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╤Л ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕?

╨Ш╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨║ ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г, ╤Г╤А╨▒╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨▓╨╡╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤О, ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╤П ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╕, ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤Й╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛-╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╤Л╨▓╨░ ╨╕ ╤В. ╨┤. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╕╨╜╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤М ╨║ ╨╜╨╡╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝ ╨╛╨║╤А╤Г╨╢╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╤Л ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛, ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╝ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б ╨┤╨╛╨╝╨╕╨╜╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░╨┤ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤З╨╕╨╝ ╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╛╨╝.

╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨н╤В╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╤А╤Г╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨║ ╤В╨╛╨╝╤Г, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╡╨╡ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨╝╤Л ╨╛╨▒╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨░╨╡╨╝ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╤О ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╗╤О╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л. ╨Т╤Л ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В╨╡ ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╨║╨╛╨╝╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╛ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╤П╨╝╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡:

• ╨Ъ╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╝
• ╨н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨░ ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╤П
• ╨Ь╨╡╤А╨║╨░╨╜╤В╨╕╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╝
• ╨Ь╨░╨║╨╕╨╗╨░╨┤╨╛╤А╨░