╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В

╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨Ч╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

╨в-╨║╤А╨╕╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╨╣ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╛╨║╨╛╨╜╤З╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╤А╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝╤П ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╤Л ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╤Л. ╨Т ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╤А╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╤Л ╨╕╨╖ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤, ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╤Л ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╕╤А╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╤В ╨╕╨┤╨╡╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П.

╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В

╨в╨╕╨┐ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤В╨╡╨╝, ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨╗╨╕ ╨░╨╜╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╤Л ╨║ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨║ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╤П╨╝. ╨Т╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨▓ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╨╡, ╤Г╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨╛╤И╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╨╛. ╨в╨╡╤Б╤В ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╖╨╡╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨┤╨╗╨╕╨╜╤Л ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╡╨▓╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╛╨▓, ╨╛╤Ж╨╡╨╜╨╛╨║ ╤Г╤З╨░╤Й╨╕╤Е╤Б╤П ╨╕ ╤В. ╨┤.

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╨Ю╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨Ч╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┐╨╛╤А╤Ж╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨║, ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨╕╨╖ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л, ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨╕╨╖ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣.
╨Ю╨╜ ╨╜╨░╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╤Г ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╨╕ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л, ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤Й╨╡╨╣╤Б╤П ╨║ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕.
╨н╤В╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝.
╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡, ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡, ╨┐╨░╤А╨╜╤Л╨╡, ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╨╕ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤В╨╕╨┐╤Л ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╨▓, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣.

╨Ю╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░

T-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨╕╨╖╤Г╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╖ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤Е╨╛╨╢╨╕╤Е ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤В╤М ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨░ ╨╛╤В ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П. ╨в╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░ ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╤В ╨╛╤В ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Д╨░╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓, ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤П ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨▓╨░╤А╨╕╨░╨╜╤В╤Л, ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╤Л. ╨Т ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╛╤В ╨┐╨░╤А╨░╨╝╨╡╤В╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В, ╨╕ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨╛ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨╕╤А╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В ╨╛╨▒╤Г╤Б╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨в-╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡.

╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨║╤В╨╛-╤В╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╤З╨╡╤В ╨▓╤Л╤П╤Б╨╜╨╕╤В╤М, ╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╜╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛ ╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╗╨╕╨╜╤Л ╨╗╨╡╨┐╨╡╤Б╤В╨║╨╛╨▓ ╤Ж╨▓╨╡╤В╨║╨░, ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨░╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨║ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨░╨╝, ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В. ╨Я╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╤А╨░╤В╤М ╨╗╨╡╨┐╨╡╤Б╤В╨║╨╕ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╤Е ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Ж╨▓╨╡╤В╨║╨░ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╣╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Г. ╨д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╗ ╨Ш╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨┐╤А╨╡╤В╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╤М ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╖ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╛╨▓:

╨Э╤Г╨╗╨╡╨▓╨░╤П ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╨░╨Э╤Г╨╗╨╡╨▓╨░╤П ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╨░╨Э╤Г╨╗╨╡╨▓╨░╤П ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨╡ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╣, ╨╕╨╗╨╕, ╨│╨╛╨▓╨╛╤А╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╨╛╨▓╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨╛╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Г╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨▓ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨░╨▒╤Б╨╛╨╗╤О╤В╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╕ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨│╨┤╨░ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╨┤╨░╨╢╨╡ ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨░ ╨▒╨╡╤А╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╖ ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨▓ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕, ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╢╨╡, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡. ╨з╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨░╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨░ ╨╜╤Г╨╗╤О ╨╕ ╨│╨┤╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╨░ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╜╤Л ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕.
╨Р╨╗╤М╤В╨╡╤А╨╜╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨░╤П ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤А╨░╨╖╤Г╨╝╨╡╨▓╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╨░ ╨╛╤В ╨╜╤Г╨╗╤П. ╨н╤В╨░ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╨░ ╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╤Г╨╗╨╡╨▓╤Г╤О ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Г, ╤Г╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤П ╨╜╨░ ╤В╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╤В╨╛╤З╨╡╨╜ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╡╨╜.

╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨╛╤В ╨в-╨║╤А╨╕╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜, ╨╕ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤М ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╜╨╡╨╛╨▒╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐. ╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨╛╨▒╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛ ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╤В╤М, ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤М ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╜╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П.

╨Я╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П

╨в╨╡╤Б╤В ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╡ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╡╨╝:

╨и╨║╨░╨╗╨░ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╨╝╨░╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╨╕ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖ ╨Я╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╨░ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖ ╨Я╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╨░ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╜╤Б╤В╤А╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╤В╤М ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨░ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╕╤З╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л. ╨Ф╨░╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А ╨╜╨╡╨┐╤А╨╡╤А╤Л╨▓╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤А╤П╨┤╨║╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╤И╨░╨▒╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╛╨▓. ╨г╤З╨╡╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨░╤А╨░╨╝╨╡╤В╤А╤Л ╨╕ ╨▓╨░╤А╨╕╨░╨╜╤В╤Л, ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╨╛╨║╤А╤Г╨╢╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕.
╨в╨╡╤Б╤В╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╡. ╨Я╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╤Г ╨▓ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╨░╤Е ╨╜╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╜╨┤╨╕╨▓╨╕╨┤╤Г╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М, ╨╕╤Е ╨╜╨░╨┤╨╡╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨▓╨╡╤А╨│╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╛╨╝╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О.
╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨░╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║ ╨┐╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨║ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨в-╨║╤А╨╕╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╤П, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╤Л ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╜╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О. ╨░╤А╨╡╨░╨╗ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╤Б╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡, ╨░ ╨╜╨╡╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ тАФ ╨▓ ╤Е╨▓╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤Е, ╨╜╨░ ╨║╤А╨░╨╣╨╜╨╕╤Е ╤В╨╛╤З╨║╨░╤Е. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╡╤В ╨┤╨▓╨░ ╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨┐╨░╤А╨░╨╝╨╡╤В╤А╨░: ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ (┬╡) ╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ (╧Г), ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨│╤А╨░╤О╤В ╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Г╤О ╤А╨╛╨╗╤М ╨▓ ╤А╨░╤Б╤З╨╡╤В╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨░╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╨▓ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╕╨╕ ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤А╨╕╤Б╨║╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨г╨╖╨╜╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╨╡ ╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║ ╤Б ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨╣.
╨Ф╨╗╤П ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤П╤Б╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗╨░ ╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╡ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤В╨╕╨┐╨╛╨╝ ╨╜╨╡╨┐╤А╨╡╤А╤Л╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╨╗ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡ ╨╜╨░╨╖╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╖-╨╖╨░ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Л ╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║╨░, ╨╜╨░╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╕╨╜╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗. ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡, ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕╨а╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕╨д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╨░ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨░ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ ╨╛╤В╤А╨░╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨┐╨░╨╖╨╛╨╜ ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╤Н╨║╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨║╤А╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╤Г╨╡╨╝╨╛╨╝ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨│╤А╨╡╤И╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕.
╨Ф╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨░ ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╣, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ (SD) ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤А╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╜╤Б╤В╤А╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨│╤А╨╡╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨▒╤Г╨║╨▓╨╛╨╣ ┬л╧Г┬╗, ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▓╨░╤А╨╕╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╨╕ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨░ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨│╨╛ (╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨│╨╛), ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝ ╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨┐╤А╨╡╤В╨╕╤А╤Г╤П ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е. ╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╤Л.

╨в╨╕╨┐╤Л

╨Э╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖ ╤И╨╕╤А╨╛╨║╨╛ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╤Е ╨в╨╕╨┐╤Л ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡:

╨в╨╕╨┐╤Л ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╨▓

# 1 — ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В

╨Я╤А╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╡ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╡╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝, ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╤Е╨╛╤З╨╡╤В ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓ 5-╨│╨╛ ╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨░ ╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 45 ╨║╨│.

╨г╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╤Б╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨░ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╕╤А╨░╨╡╤В ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Г ╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╨╖╨░╨┐╨╕╤Б╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨╕╨╜╨┤╨╕╨▓╨╕╨┤╤Г╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╡╤Б╨░ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╨╕. ╨Ч╨░╤В╨╡╨╝ ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╨╡╤В ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨▓╨╡╤Б ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╤П╨╡╤В, ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О 45+. ╨д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╨░, ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╨╝╨░╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ t-╨║╤А╨╕╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╤П:

╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В тАФ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╨░

╨У╨┤╨╡,

T = t-╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨░
m = ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л
= ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╡╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П
s = ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л
n = ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕

# 2 — ╨Э╨╡╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╣ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╤Б ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝╤П ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨░╨╝╨╕

╨н╤В╨╛ ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╖ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐, ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╣. ╨Ю╨╜ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡╨╜ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╜╨╡╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╣ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╤Е╨╛╤З╨╡╤В ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╤Г╤З╨░╤Й╨╕╤Е╤Б╤П ╨╝╤Г╨╢╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╕ ╨╢╨╡╨╜╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░ ╨▓ ╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╡ 5, ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╜╨╡╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╣ ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╤Б ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝╤П ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨░╨╝╨╕.

╨д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╨░ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤А╨░╤Б╤З╨╡╤В╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛:

╨Э╨╡╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╣ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╤Б ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝╤П ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨░╨╝╨╕

╨У╨┤╨╡,

mA тАУ mB = ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╖ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╣.
nA тАУ nB = ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕
s2 = ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨║

# 3 — ╨Я╨░╤А╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╡╤Ж ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░

╨н╤В╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╨░ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨▓╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨░╤В ╨║ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨╢╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨╡. ╨У╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л ╨╕╨╖╤Г╤З╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨▓ ╨┤╨▓╨░ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕, ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨▓ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Г╤Б╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╕╤П╤Е. ╨д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╨░, ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╨╝╨░╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П t-╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П:

╨Я╨░╤А╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╡╤Ж ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░

╨У╨┤╨╡,

T = t-╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨░
m = ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л
= ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╡╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П
s = ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л
n = ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕

# 4 — ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╨╕

╨н╤В╨╛╤В ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╜╨░╨║╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨░╨╜╨░╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╜╨░. ╨Х╨│╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╜╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╤К╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╨╝. ╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╨╡╨╝╨░╤П ╨╖╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╨░ ╨▓╤Л╨│╨╗╤П╨┤╨╕╤В ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝:

╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╨╕

╨У╨┤╨╡,

╨б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡1 ╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡2 = ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╨╛╨▓
var1 ╨╕ var2 = ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╨╛╨▓
n1 ╨╕ n2 = ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┐╨╕╤Б╨╡╨╣ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╝ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨╡

# 5 — ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╤Б ╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╨╡╨╣

╨Я╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╨░ ╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨║ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л. ╨Х╨│╨╛ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨г╤Н╨╗╤З╨░, ╨░ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╨░:

T-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╨╕

╨У╨┤╨╡,

╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡1 ╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡2 = ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╨╛╨▓
var1 ╨╕ var2 = ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╨╛╨▓
n1 ╨╕ n2 = ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┐╨╕╤Б╨╡╨╣ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╝ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨╡

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А ╤Б ╤А╨░╤Б╤З╨╡╤В╨╛╨╝

╨а╨░╤Б╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╕╨╝ ╨▒╨░╨╗╨╗╤Л ╨┐╨╛ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╝╨╡╤В╤Г ╨╜╨░ ╤Н╨║╨╖╨░╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛╨╝ ╨▓ ╨┤╨▓╨░ ╤Н╤В╨░╨┐╨░.

╨Я╤А╨╡╨┤╨╝╨╡╤В╨Ю╤В╨╝╨╡╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨д╨░╨╖╤Г 1╨Ю╤В╨╝╨╡╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨д╨░╨╖╤Г 2╨Ь╨░╤В╨╡╨╝╨░╤В╨╕╨║╨░4562╨д╨╕╨╖╨╕╨║╨░4555╨е╨╕╨╝╨╕╤П4555╨С╨╕╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤П5065╨Ш╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╤П5568╨У╨╡╨╛╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╤П8070

╨и╨░╨│ 1: ╨Т╤Л╤З╤В╨╕╤В╨╡ ╨╛╤Ж╨╡╨╜╨║╨╕, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╕╤Е ╤Н╤В╨░╨┐╨░╤Е.

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░ 1

╨и╨░╨│ 2: ╨б╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╤В╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П, ╤В.╨╡. -55

╨и╨░╨│ 3: ╨б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤В╨╕╤В╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨░ 1-1

╨и╨░╨│ 4: ╨б╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╤В╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨║╨▓╨░╨┤╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╤В. ╨╡. 983.

╨и╨░╨│ 5: ╨Ш╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤А╨░╤Б╤З╨╡╤В╨░ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П T

«=» -9,16/тИЪ{983-(-55)2/6)}/ (6-1) *6
«=» -9,16/тИЪ15,96
«=» -9,16/3,99

╨Ч╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ T = -2,29

╨в╨╡╨┐╨╡╤А╤М ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╤Л. ╨б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╤Л. ╨б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╤Л (df) ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╤З╨╕╤Б╨╗╤Г ╨╜╨╡╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ (╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е) ╨▓ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╡ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╨╝╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╛╨╕╤Б╨║╨░ ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ (╤Д╨╕╨║╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣) ╨▒╨╡╨╖ ╨╜╨░╤А╤Г╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨║╨░╨║╨╕╤Е-╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨╜╨░╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▓ ╨┤╨╕╨╜╨░╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨╝╨╡. ╨н╤В╨╕ ╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨╜╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤В╤М╤Б╤П, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨│╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤П╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╨╕╤Б╨║ ╨╜╨╡╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╤В╤Б╤Г╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▓ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨╡ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е.╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡. ╨з╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╤М ╤Н╤В╨╛, ╨▓╤Л╤З╤В╨╕╤В╨╡ 1 ╨╕╨╖ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨░ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ (6 тАУ 1 = 5). ╨б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╡╨╡, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╜╤Г╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╤В╤М, ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╤П╤Б╨╜╨╕╤В╤М, ╤З╤В╨╛ p-valueP-valueP-Value, ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤А╨╡╤И╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝ ╤Д╨░╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╜╤Г╨╗╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝, ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╤В ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜, ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╤В╨╕╨╡ ╨░╨╗╤М╤В╨╡╤А╨╜╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨░ ╨▓ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨║╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╤Е ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓. ╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡, ╤З╤В╨╛, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨╡ ╨┐╨╛ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О, ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В ╨╜╤Г╨╗╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖╤Л. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ p-╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛ 0,9, ╤В. ╨╡. 90%, ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Г╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╤В╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ T-╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛, ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝. ╨б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╜╤Л, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ p-╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛ 0,025, ╤В. ╨╡. 2,5%, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В ╨╕╨╗╨╕ t-╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╝.

╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)

╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В?

T-╨║╤А╨╕╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╤П╨╡╤В ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╕╤Ж╤Г ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝╤П ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╤Л ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╤Л ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│ ╤Б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╝, ╤Г╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨╛╤И╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╨╛. ╨в╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╤В ╨╛╤В ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Д╨░╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓, ╨▓ ╤В╨╛╨╝ ╤З╨╕╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨╛╤В ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨▓╨░╤А╨╕╨░╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓, ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╤О╤Й╨╕╤Е ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╤Л.

╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В?

╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╜╨╡╨╛╨▒╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐. ╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨╛╨▒╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛ ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╤В╤М, ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤М ╤Н╤В╨╛╤В ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨╜╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П.

тАв ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨░ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝.
тАв ╨Э╨╡╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╣ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╕╨╖╤Г╤З╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╤Ж╤Л ╨╕╨╖ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐, ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╣.
тАв ╨Я╨░╤А╨╜╨░╤П ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨░ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╨║╨░ ╨│╨╕╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╖, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╝╨░╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨▓╨╡ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╤Л ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨░╤В ╨║ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨╢╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨╡.
тАв ╨а╨░╨▓╨╜╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤Б╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╜╨░╨║╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨╜╨░╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨░╨╜╨░╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╜╨░.
тАв ╨Э╨╡╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨║ ╨▓ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╨│╤А╤Г╨┐╨┐╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П.

╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ T-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П P?

╨Т ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П T ╤Г╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨║╨╕ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╣╨╜╨╛, ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П p ╨╛╤В╤А╨░╨╢╨░╤О╤В ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╜╨░╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Б╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨╡╤В ╨▒╨╡╨╖╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╤Е ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╨╛╨║.

╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨н╤В╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╤А╤Г╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨║ ╤В╨╛╨╝╤Г, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨в-╤В╨╡╤Б╤В ╨╕ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨╝╤Л ╨╛╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╨╕╨╝, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╡╤В T-Test, ╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Д╨╛╤А╨╝╤Г╨╗╤Г, ╤А╨░╤Б╤З╨╡╤В, ╤В╨╕╨┐╤Л, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л. ╨Т╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В╨╡ ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╛ ╨╕╨╖ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╤Е ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╡╨╣ —

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