╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║╨░, ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╡╨╣ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝ ╨╕ ╨╛╤Б╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤Й╤М╤О ╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣. ╨Э╨░╤Б╤Г╤Й╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л, ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝, ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤В╤М ╤Б╨╜╨░╨▒╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╨╡╨┤╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╡╨╝, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨░╨╗╨╛╨╛╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╗╨╕╤Ж╨░╨╝ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨░ ╨║ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╝ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨░╨╝, ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╤Г ╨┤╨╡╤В╨╡╨╣-╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╤В, ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣ ╨╢╨╡╨╜╤Й╨╕╨╜ ╨╕ ╤В. ╨┤.

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨▓╨╛╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤П╨╝ ╤Б╨╛╤З╨╡╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤Ж╨╕╤О ╤Б ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ю╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╕╤Е ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Л ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В, ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤З╨╡╨│╨╛, ╨╝╨╕╨║╤А╨╛╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨╖╨┤╤А╨░╨▓╨╛╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕ ╤Б╨░╨╜╨╕╤В╨░╤А╨╕╤О. ╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╨▒╨╡╨╢╨┤╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨║╤А╤Г╨┐╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╛╤А╨┐╨╛╤А╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝ ╨╕ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г ╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨║ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨│╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╜╨╡╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣ ╨╕ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝ ╨▓╨╜╤Г╤В╤А╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓.

╨Ю╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

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╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨Ч╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

╨ж╨╡╨╗╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║╤Г, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╛╨╝ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╡╨╣, ╨╜╨░╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣╤Б╤П ╤А╨╡╤И╨░╤В╤М ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л ╨╕ ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╨▓╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤Й╤М╤О ╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╨╕╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╤Г ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б ╨║ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕.
╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕, ╨╕ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╨┐╨╛╨┤ ╤Н╨│╨╕╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╖╨╜╨░╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л, ╨╢╨╡╤А╤В╨▓╤Г╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В ╨│╤А╨░╨╜╤В╤Л ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╤Л, ╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╨╕╨╖╤Г╨╡╤В ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨░.
╨б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤Й╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨▓╨╛╤Б╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓ ╨┤╨╡╤В╨╡╨╣, ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐ ╨║ ╨╖╨┤╤А╨░╨▓╨╛╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╕ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╝ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨░╨╝, ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣ ╨╢╨╡╨╜╤Й╨╕╨╜ ╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ тАФ ╨▓╨╛╤В ╨╜╨░╨╕╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨╖╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕.
╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╤Г╨▒╨╡╨╢╨┤╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨║╤А╤Г╨┐╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨╛╤Й╤А╤П╤В╤М ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П, ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╤Й╨░╤П╤Б╤М ╨║ ╨╜╨╡╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤П╨╝ ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╨░╨╝.

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤В╤А╨╡╨╝╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╕ ╨▓╨╜╨╡╨┤╤А╤П╤В╤М ╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛╤Б╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╨║╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╤Г╤А╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝. ╨Ы╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╢╨╡╤А╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╨╛╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│, ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤Й╤М ╨╜╤Г╨╢╨┤╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝╤Б╤П. ╨Ш╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╤О╤В ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤Г╨▒╤Б╨╕╨┤╨╕╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╕╤А╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░. ╨Ф╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╨╛╨▓╨░╨╝╨╕, ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╨║╨░╨║ ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е, ╤В╨░╨║ ╨╕ ╨▓ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╤П╤Е ╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨▓ ╤А╨░╨╝╨║╨░╤Е ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╣. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╕╤Е ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨░╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╤М — ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░.

╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛

╨Р╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В ╨е. ╨С╨╛╤Г╤Н╨╜ ╨▓╨▓╨╡╨╗ ╤В╨╡╤А╨╝╨╕╨╜╤Л ┬л╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М┬╗ ╨╕ ┬л╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛┬╗ ╨▓ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨╣ ╨║╨╜╨╕╨│╨╡ ┬л╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨░╤П ╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨░┬╗, ╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨┤╤И╨╡╨╣ ╨▓ 1953 ╨│. ╨Х╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П╨╝, ╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╨╕╨╖╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝ ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╨╡ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛. ╤Е╨╛╤А╨╛╤И╨╕╨╣. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨░ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤А╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨▓ 1980-╤Е ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░╤Е.

╨Ы╨╕╤Ж╨░, ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╤В╤Л╨╡ ╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П╤Е, ╨┐╨╛-╨┐╤А╨╡╨╢╨╜╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╛╨╖╨░╨▒╨╛╤З╨╡╨╜╤Л ╤Г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╡╨│. ╨Ф╨▓╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╤Е ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤В, ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ (SRI) ╨╕ ╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡, ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ (ESG). ╨Ю╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨╜ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛ ╤А╨╡╤И╨░╨╡╤В, ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨▒╨╛╤А╤М╨▒╨░ ╤Б ╨▒╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О, ╨▓╨╛╤Б╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓ ╤А╨╡╨▒╨╡╨╜╨║╨░, ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╖╨┤╤А╨░╨▓╨╛╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣ ╨╢╨╡╨╜╤Й╨╕╨╜, ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╕ ╤В. ╨┤.

╨е╨╛╤В╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╤З╨░╤Й╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╤Л ╤Б ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Д╤Г╨╜╨║╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╕╤А╤Г╤О╤В ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨▒╨╡╤А╤Г╤В ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╡╨▒╤П ╤А╨╕╤Б╨║╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨▓╨╜╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨╕╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨║╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╗ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╨╕. ╨С╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┤╨░╤А╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╨░╨╝ ╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤П ╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝. ╨Э╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╤Г╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨▓ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╡╤П╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Toms Shoes, NIKA Water Co., Echoing Green ╨╕ ╤В. ╨┤.

╨Ф╨░╨▓╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╕╨╝ ╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨╕╨╖ ╤А╨╡╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣:

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А тДЦ1

╨а╨╡╨▒╨╡╨║╨║╨░, ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨░ ╤Д╨░╨║╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨╡╤В╨░ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░, ╨╖╨░╨╝╨╡╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨╝ ╤А╨░╨╣╨╛╨╜╨╡ ╨┤╤О╨╢╨╕╨╜╤Г ╨▒╨╡╨╖╨┤╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╤Е╨╛╤З╨╡╤В ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤З╤М. ╨С╤Г╨┤╤Г╤З╨╕ ╨░╨╝╨▒╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б-╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨┤╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝, ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╛╤А╤Б╨║╤Г╤О ╨╕╨┤╨╡╤О ╨╛╤Б╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╤З╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╨╕. ╨а╨╡╨▒╨╡╨║╨║╨░ ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨▓╤Г╤О ╨▓ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤В╤А╨╡ ╨│╨╛╤А╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨╕ ╨╜╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Г ╨▒╨╡╨╖╨┤╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Л╤Е.

╨Т╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨а╨╡╨▒╨╡╨║╨║╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╡╨╜╤М╨│╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨║╨░╤Д╨╡ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨░╤В╨╕╨▓. ╨б╨░╨╝╨╛╨╡ ╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╡, ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╤Г ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨╜╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤П ╨▒╨╡╨┤╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨░╨╡╤В ╨╕╤Е ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╨╡. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨░╤Д╨╡ ╨а╨╡╨▒╨╡╨║╨║╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╡╨╝, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨╕╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▓ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛.

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А #2

╨Т 2020 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨┐╨░╨╜╨┤╨╡╨╝╨╕╤П COVID-19 ╨╜╨░╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╗╨░ ╤Г╤Й╨╡╤А╨▒ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╡. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╤Г╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б-╤Б╤В╤А╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╕╤О ╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╣╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨╝╨║╨╜╤Г╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Ж╨╕╨║╨╗╨░. ╨Ш╤Е ╨▒╤Л╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨░╨│╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨║╤А╨╕╨╖╨╕╤Б╤Л ╨▓ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╖╨┤╤А╨░╨▓╨╛╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╛ ╨▓╨╛╤Б╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤Й╨╕╤Е╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╨╜╨╡╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╣.

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨▓╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨▓╨║╨╗╨░╨┤ ╨▓ ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣, ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╤Г╤О ╤Г╤Б╤В╨╛╨╣╤З╨╕╨▓╨╛╤Б╤В╤М, ╨╖╨┤╤А╨░╨▓╨╛╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕ ╤Г╨┤╨░╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Г. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨▓╨╛ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛╨╝ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╤М ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣.

╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨┤╤Г╨╝╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╛╤А╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨░ ┬л╨╝╨╡╨┤╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨░ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╡╤Б╨░╤Е┬╗ ╨╛╤В Kaaro Health ╨▓ ╨г╨│╨░╨╜╨┤╨╡. ╨Ф╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Л ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В Estrafalario, ╨╜╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤О╤Й╤Г╤О ╨▒╨╡╨┤╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╢╨╡╨╜╤Й╨╕╨╜ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╕╨╖╨│╨╛╤В╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨░╤Б╨╛╨║ ╨╕╨╖ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╨░╨╗╨╛╨▓ ╤А╤Г╤З╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Л, The Hive Bulk Foods, ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╤Г╤О ╨╛╤В╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨┐╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╤Г╨┐╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╨║╨╕, ╨╕ CheckUps Medical, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤Й╤Г╤О ╤Г╨┤╨░╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╝╨╡╨┤╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨╕.

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╡╤В ╤З╨╡╤В╤Л╤А╨╡ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨▓ ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╛╤В ╤В╨╕╨┐╨░, ╨╝╨╕╤Б╤Б╨╕╨╕, ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨░╤Г╨┤╨╕╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╕ ╤Б╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╝ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤А╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕.

#1 тАУ ╨в╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П

╨н╤В╨╛ ╨║╨╛╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╤Л, ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╗╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╤Л ╨╕ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤Й╨╕╨╡╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤З╨╕╤Е ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨░╤Й╨╕╤Е. ╨Я╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б-╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╨╝╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▓╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨▓╨╛╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╕╤В╤М ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М, ╤А╨╡╨╜╤В╨░╨▒╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╨Я╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╨Я╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╕ ╨╝╨░╨║╤Б╨╕╨╝╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М ╨┐╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Б ╨╡╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╤Б╨┐╨╗╤Г╨░╤В╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨║╤А╨╡╤В╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨╛╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╝╨░╤А╨╢╨░ ╨▓╨░╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕, EBITDA ╨╕ ╨╝╨░╤А╨╢╨░ ╤З╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨░╨╝ ╨░╨╜╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╤Л ╨┤╨╡╤П╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕. ╨г╨╖╨╜╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡, ╨░ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨Ф╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨Ф╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤Г╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╡╨│, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Г╤О ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨▓ ╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╡ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╡╤П╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╤Л ╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨╕. ╨Т ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╡ ╤Д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╤Б╤Г╨╝╨╝╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╤В ╨╜╨░╨╗╨╛╨│╨╛╨▓, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╜╨╡╤Д╨╕╨╗╤М╤В╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╛╤В ╨║╨░╨║╨╕╤Е-╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╤З╨╡╤В╨╛╨▓.╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡.

#2 тАУ ╨д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╤Г╤З╤А╨╡╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П

╨н╤В╨╛ ╤Г╤З╤А╨╡╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨░╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤З╨╗╨╡╨╜╨░╨╝, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨║╨╛╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▒╨░╨╜╨║╨╕, ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤О╨╖╤Л ╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Д╨╛╨╜╨┤╤Л. ╨Ъ╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤О╨╖╤Л — ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╤Л, ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨░╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤З╨╗╨╡╨╜╨░╨╝, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╤О╤В ╨┤╨╡╨┐╨╛╨╜╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨▓ ╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨░╤Е ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╤Е ╤З╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓, ╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╗╨░╨│╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╛╤А╨╝╤Л ╤Б╨▒╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╕╨╖╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨║╨╕ ╨┐╨╛ ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨░╨╝. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨░╤В ╨▒╨╡╨╖╨╛╨┐╨░╤Б╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Б╨▒╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨╕ ╨╖╨░╨╣╨╝╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╛ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨║╤Г╤А╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨║╨░╨╝.

╨Ъ╨╛╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▒╨░╨╜╨║╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╗╨░╨│╨░╤О╤В ╤И╨╕╤А╨╛╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╨╡╨║╤В╤А ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│, ╨░ ╨╕╤Е ╨║╨╗╨╕╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕╤Е ╨▓╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М╤Ж╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨┤╨░╨╢╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨╕, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Б╨▒╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╤Л, ╨╗╨╕╤Ж╨░╨╝, ╨╜╨╡ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝╤Б╤П ╤З╨╗╨╡╨╜╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▒╨░╨╜╨║╨╕ ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╤Г╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╨░╨║╤Ж╨╕╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤Г╨▒╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Д╨╛╨╜╨┤╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨▒╨╕╤А╨╢╨░╤Е. ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╨░ ╨╕ ╤А╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨╜╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, NYSE ╨╕ NASDAQ.╨Я╨╛╨┤╤А╨╛╨▒╨╜╨╡╨╡.

тДЦ 3 тАУ ╨Э╨Я╨Ю ╨╕ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕

╨н╤В╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╨║╨░╨║ ╨▓ ╨╗╨╛╨║╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝, ╤В╨░╨║ ╨╕ ╨▓ ╨│╨╗╨╛╨▒╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╝╨░╤Б╤И╤В╨░╨▒╨╡, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤А╨╡╤И╨╕╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л, ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б ╨╛╨║╤А╤Г╨╢╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╛╨╣, ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝, ╨░╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╝ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨░╨╝╨╕ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║╨░. ╨Э╨╡╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ (╨Э╨Я╨Ю) ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╤П╤О╤В ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╡╨▒╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨│╤Г╨╝╨░╨╜╨╕╤В╨░╤А╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Д╤Г╨╜╨║╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨╛╤В╤Б╤В╨░╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤В╤А╨╛╨╗╨╕╤А╤Г╤О╤В ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╤Г, ╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╤Г╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╕╤О ╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╕, ╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л ╨│╤А╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╨╜ ╨┤╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓.

#4 тАУ ╨Ю╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕

╨н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╤О╤В ╨╜╨░╨┤ ╤Г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╤П ╤В╨╡╤А╤А╨╕╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓. ╨Ш╤Е ╤З╨╗╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨▓╨╡╤А╤П╤В ╨▓ ╨╝╨╕╤Б╤Б╨╕╤О ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤В╤А╨╡╨╝╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╤А╨╡╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╤В╨╜╨╛ ╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛.

╨Т╨╛╤В ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤Е╨░╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╨╕╤Е ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Г ╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╨╕:

╨е╨░╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░

╨б╤В╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨║ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П╨╝ — ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╤Г╨▓╨╗╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╤Л ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╕╨┤╨╡╤П╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╡╨║╤В╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨┐╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤А╨╡╤И╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╕╤В╤М ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╤М ╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╖╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣ ╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░╤Е.
╨Ш╨╜╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П — ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╨╕ ╤А╨╡╤И╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡, ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л, ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╤П ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╕╨║╤Г╤О╤В ╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨║ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤В ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨╕╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▓ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛.
╨б╨░╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╕ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛ ╤Г╤Б╤В╨╛╨╣╤З╨╕╨▓╤Л╨╣ тАУ ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╤П╤В ╨╛╤В ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Б╤Г╨▒╤Б╨╕╨┤╨╕╨╣, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨▓╤Л╨╢╨╕╤В╤М ╨╕ ╨│╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨║╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╗ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░. ╨в╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╡, ╨╕╤Е ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╤З╨╡╨╣ ╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╝╨░╨║╤Б╨╕╨╝╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П.
╨г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨░╤Б╤И╤В╨░╨▒╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П тАУ ╨Т ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Г╤О ╨╛╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╤М ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╛╤В╨╛╤З╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨╝╨░╤Б╤И╤В╨░╨▒╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Г╨▒╨╡╨╢╨┤╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░, ╨║╤А╤Г╨┐╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╛╤А╨┐╨╛╤А╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨╕╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣ ╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П╤Е.
╨Я╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤Е╨╛╨┤ тАУ ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╤О╤В ╤А╤Л╨╜╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╕╤А╨░╤О╤В ╤А╨╡╤Б╤Г╤А╤Б╤Л, ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛╤Б╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╤О╤В ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╤В╨╜╤Г╤О ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤М, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Г╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Г ╨╕ ╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░╤Б╤В╨╛╨╣╤З╨╕╨▓╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨▓ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╤Е ╤Г╤Б╨╕╨╗╨╕╤П╤Е ╨┐╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╤В╤А╨╡╤З╨╡.

╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)

╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М?

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝, ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Б ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝, ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╨╗╨╛╨▒╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╡. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╤О╤В ╨╜╨░╨┤ ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤Й╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨▒╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨▓╨╛╤Б╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓ ╨┤╨╡╤В╨╡╨╣, ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨╛╨╝ ╨║ ╨╖╨┤╤А╨░╨▓╨╛╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╕ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╝ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨░╨╝, ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣ ╨╢╨╡╨╜╤Й╨╕╨╜ ╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╤В╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░.

╨Ъ╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╡╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣?

тАУ ╨С╨╗╨╡╨╣╨║ ╨Ь╨╕╨║╨╛╤Б╨║╨╕, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М Toms Shoes.
тАУ ╨Ь╤Г╤Е╨░╨╝╨╝╨░╨┤ ╨о╨╜╤Г╤Б, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М Grameen Bank
тАУ ╨С╨╕╨╗╨╗ ╨Ф╤А╨╡╨╣╤В╨╛╨╜, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М Ashoka
тАУ ╨е╨╕╨╗╤М╨┤╨╡ ╨и╨▓╨░╨▒, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╨╡╨┤╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Г╤З╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨д╨╛╨╜╨┤╨░ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨и╨▓╨░╨▒.
тАУ ╨Ь╨╡╨╗╨╕╨╜╨┤╨░ ╨С. ╨Т╤Г╨╗╤М╤Д ╨╕ ╨┐╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╡╤А, ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М Echoing Green.

╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛?

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╜╨░╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╛ ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕ ╤А╨╡╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛╤Б╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤П ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╨║╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╤Г╤А╨╜╤Л╤Е, ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨╢╨╡╤А╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╨╛╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╤З╤М ╨╜╤Г╨╢╨┤╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╛ ╨╖╨░ ╤Б╤З╨╡╤В ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╨░ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤А╨╕╤Б╨║╤Г╤О╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Б╤В╤А╤Г╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╤П ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨║╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╗.

╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨н╤В╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╤А╤Г╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨║ ╤В╨╛╨╝╤Г, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М ╨╕ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨╝╤Л ╨╛╨▒╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨░╨╡╨╝ ╤Е╨░╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤П ╨╕ ╤В╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╛╨╜ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╡╤В, ╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤В╨╕╨┐╤Л ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л. ╨Т╤Л ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В╨╡ ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╨║╨╛╨╝╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╛ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╤П╨╝╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡:

╨Ъ╨╜╨╕╨│╨╕ ╨┐╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г
╨а╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╢╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨╝
╨Р╨╜╨│╨╡╨╗╤Л-╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╤Л

╨б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М

╨Ъ╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Л

╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)

╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨Я╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛ ╤Г╤Б╨║╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╝╨╡╤А╤В╨╕

╨д╨░╨║╤В╨╛╤А ╤Б╨║╨╕╨┤╨║╨╕

╨С╨░╨╗╨░╨╜╤Б╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤К╨╡╨╝

╨з╤В╨╛-╨╜╨╕╨▒╤Г╨┤╤М

╨б╨╡╤А╤В╨╕╤Д╨╕╨║╨░╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П

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