╨а╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Г╤О ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕

• ╨Т ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╕╨╛╨┤ ╤Б 2020 ╨┐╨╛ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 57,5 тАЛтАЛ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓.
• ╨з╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜ ╨║╨░╨║ ┬л╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣┬╗, ╨╛╨╜ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╡╨╜ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨░╨╝ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╨▒╨╕╨╛╨╕╨╜╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨░╨╜╤В╨╕╨▒╨╕╨╛╤В╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╨╛╤А╨╝╨╛╨╜╨╛╨▓.
• ╨Х╨╢╨╡╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨░╨╗ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╤В╤А╨░╨┤╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╨╖╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡.
• ╨н╤В╨░ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨░╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╤Е╨╛╤В╤П╤В ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М ╨╛ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨▓ ╨╕╨╜╨┤╤Г╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Б ╤А╤Л╨╜╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П.

╨Ю╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨б╨и╨Р ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗╨░ ╨╖╨┤╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╣ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨╖╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╗╨╡╤В. ╨б╨╛╨│╨╗╨░╤Б╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╤В╤А╨░╤Б╨╗╨╡╨▓╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨╛╨▒╨╖╨╛╤А╤Г, ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨░╤О╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╕╨╝╤Л╤Е ╤В╤А╨░╨┤╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨С╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┤╨░╤А╤П ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨▓╤Л╨▒╨╛╤А╤Г ╨▓ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╕╨╛╨┤ ╤Б 2020 ╨┐╨╛ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨░╤П ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤Б╨╡╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨░ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╕╨╗╨░ 57,5 тАЛтАЛ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓.

╨з╤В╨╛ ╨║╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Д╨╕╤Ж╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В?

╨Я╨╛ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨Ь╨╕╨╜╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р, ╨╡╤Б╤В╤М ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╛╨▓, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╝ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╤Л ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╤М ╨╝╨░╤А╨║╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨║╤Г ┬л╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣┬╗. ╨Я╨╕╤Й╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╨╢╨╕╨▓╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨╢╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╕╤Д╨╕╤Ж╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╢╨╕╨▓╨╛╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡, ╨╛╤В ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╤Л, ╨╜╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨░╤Й╨╕╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╤Б ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨░╨╜╤В╨╕╨▒╨╕╨╛╤В╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨│╨╛╤А╨╝╨╛╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨░.

╨Ф╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╕╤Д╨╕╤Ж╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨▒╨╡╨╖ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨┤╨╛╨▓, ╤Б╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨▒╨╕╨╛╨╕╨╜╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨╕╨╕, ╨┐╨╛╨▒╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▓╨╛╨┤ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╤Г╤О╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╕╨╖╨╗╤Г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Р╨│╨╡╨╜╤В, ╤Б╨╡╤А╤В╨╕╤Д╨╕╤Ж╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨Ь╨╕╨╜╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р, ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╡╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┐╨╕╤Б╤Л╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╗╤О╨▒╤Л╤Е ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓. ╨Ю╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л, ╤Б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╜╤Л, ╨╜╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╤Н╤В╨╕╨╝ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨░╨╝.

╨б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П

╨Ю╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤К╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨▓ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 63 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╕╨╛╨┤ ╤Б 2020 ╨┐╨╛ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤. ╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╨Р╤Б╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╕ (OTA). ╨б╨╡╨║╤В╨╛╤А ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨╜╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨║╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 90% ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢. ╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╖╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛╤В ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╕╨╛╨┤ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░ 2% (1,4 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓). ╨Ю╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤К╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨╡╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Б╨╡╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨░ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│ 6 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓.

╨Я╨╛╤З╨╡╨╝╤Г ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╤Г╤В ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕

╨н╨╝╨┐╨╕╤А╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╕╤Б╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╨╛╨┐╤Г╨▒╨╗╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▓ ╨╜╨░╤Г╤З╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╢╤Г╤А╨╜╨░╨╗╨╡ ╤Б ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╤В╤Л╨╝ ╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨║╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╝ PLoS ╨Ю╨┤╨╕╨╜ ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨░╨╜╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╝╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л. ╨╕╨╖╤Г╤З╨░╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╤Б ╤В╨╡╨╝, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╨╛ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨╝ ╨╖╨┤╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓╤М╨╡. ╨Ь╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╕ ╤Б╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤О╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨┤╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤О, ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л.

╨Я╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╛╨║╨╛╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╨╛ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨║╤А╤Г╨╢╨░╤О╤Й╤Г╤О ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╤Г. ╨е╨╕╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╤Б╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨▓╨╡╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨╜╨░╨╜╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨┤ ╨╛╨║╤А╤Г╨╢╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡ ╨╕, ╨▓ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╨╛╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╤М, ╨╖╨┤╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓╤М╤О ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╤Е╨╛╤В╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╤О╤В ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕ ╤З╨╕╤Б╤В╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л.

╨Ь╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╤В╨╡╨╜╨┤╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨╣ ╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨░╤В╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨╝╨░╤А╨║╨╡╤В╨╕╨╜╨│╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╡╤Й╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨▒╤Г╨╢╨┤╨░╤О╤В ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╤В╤М ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕ ╤З╨╕╤Б╤В╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣ ╨╜╨░╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤В ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М ╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╕╨╝╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓.

╨Т 2020 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 94 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╨░╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л.

╨Ъ╤В╨╛, ╤Б╨║╨╛╤А╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨│╨╛, ╨║╤Г╨┐╨╕╤В ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л?

╨▓ PLoS ╨Ю╨┤╨╕╨╜ ╨Ш╤Б╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨░╨╜╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Л 279 ╤Г╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤П╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г╤О╤В ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л. ╨Ч╨░╤В╨╡╨╝ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╨╝╨╛╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╤А╨░╤Б╤В, ╨┐╨╛╨╗, ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╕ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╨╜╤М ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤П. ╨а╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨▓ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╡ ╨╛╤В 41 ╨┤╨╛ 50 ╨╗╨╡╤В ╤З╨░╤Й╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л.

╨Ы╤О╨┤╨╕ ╤Б ╨▓╤Л╤Б╤И╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨╕ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╝ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤З╨░╤Й╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╤О╤В ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л. ╨а╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╤Л, ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛, ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░╨│╨░╤О╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤П ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨║╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓.

╨а╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П

╨Ш╤Б╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П BlueWeave Consulting ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╤А╤Л╨╜╨╛╨║ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨┐╨╛ ╨│╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨║╨╡ 8,7%. ╨Я╤А╨╕ ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╤В╨╡╨╝╨┐╨░╤Е ╨║ 2027 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╤А╤Л╨╜╨╛╨║ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 95 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨▓ ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╨╕╤Й╨╡╨▓╨░╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╛╨╢╨╕╨┤╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П, ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╜╨░ 3,8% ╨╡╨╢╨╡╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛ ╨┤╨╛ 2027 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░.

╨Я╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨▓ ╤Б╨╡╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨╡ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨░╤О╤В ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╕, ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨▓ ╨╛╤В╤А╨░╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨▓ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╤П╤Е ╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╤В╤А╨░╨┤╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╡╨╢╨╡╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╛╤В╤З╨╡╤В ╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤Ж╨╕╨╕ Organic Produce Network ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░ 5,5% ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г. ╨Ъ╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨░ 2%. ╨б ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╜╤Л, ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╖╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨░ 1,9%. ╨Ю╨▒╤К╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ 2,1%.

╨а╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╡╤А╨╜╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╕╨╗ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╡╤А╨╜╨░. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╤Г╨║╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░ 51% ╤Б 2019 ╨┐╨╛ 2020 ╨│╨╛╨┤, ╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╨╛╨▒╤К╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╝╤Г╨║╨╕ ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ 33%. ╨з╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨▓╨╛╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╤Г╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М╤О, ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╤Д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨╛╤В╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╛╤В ╤В╤А╨░╨┤╨╕╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨┤╨░╤А╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╡╨╝╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤П.

╨Т ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╤П╤Е, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╤Е ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╨╖╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╤Г╤В ╨▒╤Л╤Б╤В╤А╨╡╨╡, ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Ш╤Б╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╨│╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▒╤Г╨┤╤Г╤В ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨│╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╤В╨╡╨╝╨┐╨░╨╝╨╕, ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П.

╨в╨╡╨╜╨┤╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╣ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П

╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б OTA ╨┐╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╤Д╤А╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╨╛╨▓╨╛╤Й╨╡╨╣ ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 21 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨н╤В╨░ ╤Б╤Г╨╝╨╝╨░ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨░ ╨╜╨░ 4,5% ╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡, ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨▓ 2020 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г. ╨Я╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨╝╨╛╨╗╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╕ ╤П╨╕╤Ж ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤З╤В╨╕ ╨╜╨░ 11% ╤Б 2019 ╨┐╨╛ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤. ╨Я╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╝╤П╤Б╨░ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤З╤В╨╕ 2 ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г, ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╤В╨╕╤Ж╨╡╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╗╨╕╨┤╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╤Б ╨╛╨▒╤К╨╡╨╝╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 1 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓.

╨Ь╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨╗╨╕╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤В ╨║ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Б╨▓╨╡╨╢╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓, ╨░ ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╕╨╖ ╨║╨╗╨░╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨║ ╤Б╨╜╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨▓╨░╤А╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨│╨╛╤В╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕ ╤Г╨┐╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓. ╨н╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╤Г╨┐╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛ ╨╜╨░ 5% ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г.

╨Э╨╡╨╖╨░╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨░ ╨┐╨░╨╜╨┤╨╡╨╝╨╕╨╕ COVID-19 ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨┐╨╡╤И╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╖╨░╨┐╨░╤Б╤В╨╕╤Б╤М ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Б╨╡╤А╨▓╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤Б╤Г╨┐, ╤Б╨╛╤Г╤Б ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨░╤Б╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╡ ╨╝╨░╤Б╨╗╨╛. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╤Е ╤В╨╛╨▓╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓. ╨Ю╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨║╤Г╤Б╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╤В╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨┤╨▓╤Г╨╝╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕. ╨Т 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░ 11% ╨╕ 6% ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛.

╨Я╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨╜╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨║╨╛╨▓ ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨╜╨░ 8%. ╨Я╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╤Г ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣ ╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╤А╤М ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╤О╤В ╨╕╨╖ ╨┤╨╛╨╝╨░, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨║╨╛╤Д╨╡ ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 2 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨Р ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨▒╤Л╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╨╝╨░ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╜╤П╤В╤Л, ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨░╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╤Ж╤Л ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨░╨│╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╡╤З╨║╤Г, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╤Б╨╡╨▒╤П. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨╕ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Е╨╗╨╡╨▒╨░ ╨╕ ╨╖╨╡╤А╨╜╨░ ╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨╜╨░ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╡ ╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛ 6,2 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓.

╨Ю╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤

╨в╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨▓ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П. OTA ╨┐╤А╨╛╨│╨╜╨╛╨╖╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г╨╜╨░╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╤П ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╤Л ╨▓ ╨г╨║╤А╨░╨╕╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╡╤И╨░╤В╤М ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╡╤А╨╜╨░ ╨▓ ╨▒╨╗╨╕╨╢╨░╨╣╤И╨╡╨╝ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╤Г╤Й╨╡╨╝. ╨в╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╡, ╨┐╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕ ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╤Е ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╤Е ╨║╨░╤В╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕╤П╤Е ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢ ╤Б╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╣ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╝╨░╨╗╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░. ╨Т╨╛╨╖╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨╝╨╛╨│╨╗╨╛ ╨▒╤Л ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╕╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨▓╨╡╤В╨░╤О╤Й╤Г╤О ╨╛╨┐╨╡╤А╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О.