╨б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О


╨з╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О?

╨Ч╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╤О╤В, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤О╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨╕. ╨Ю╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨░╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╗╤М ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╤В ╨▓ ╤В╨╛╨╝, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤В╤М ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ ╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╖╨░╨║╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л.

╨б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О

╨н╤В╨╛ ╨╝╨╕╨║╤А╨╛╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨░╤П ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╤П, ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╨░╤П ╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨╛╨╜ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓ ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Д╨░╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨░ ╨╜╨╡╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤А╤Л╨╜╨║╨░. ╨н╤В╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▓╤Л╨╖╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╡╨▒╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б-╤Ж╨╕╨║╨╗╨╛╨▓. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╨╛╨│╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤А╤П╨╝ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░.

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╨Ю╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

╨Ъ╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Л

  • ╨а╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л, ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╨╡╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨╗╤Г╨│╨╕. ╨н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╤Л ╨н╨╣╤В╨░╨╜ ╨и╨╡╤И╨╕╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╨Щ╨╛╤А╨░╨╝ ╨Т╨░╨╣╤Б ╨▓╤Л╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╜╤Г╨╗╨╕ ╤Н╤В╤Г ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╤О ╨▓ 1977 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г.
  • ╨н╤В╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╤О╤В, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╨╜╤М ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨░╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨╕╨╢╨╡ ╤В╨╛╤З╨║╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╡╤Б╨╕╤П. ╨Ю╨╜ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╤В ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨░╨║╤А╨╛╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜.
  • ╨в╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╤П ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨Ь╤Н╨╜╨║╤М╤О ╤Г╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╜╨╡╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤А╤П╨╝ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤А╨╡╤И╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╨▒╤А╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╕╨╕ ╤Б ╨╕╨╖╨╗╨╕╤И╨║╨╛╨╝ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л.
  • ╨Ъ╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨░╨┤╨░╨┐╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╨║ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╝╨╡╤В╨╛╨┤╨░╨╝, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Б╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╤Г╤Й╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╨░╨╝╨╕.

╨б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕

╨Ш╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤П╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╢╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╨░╨╝, ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝ ╨▓ ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╜. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╤А╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨░╨╜╤Л ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤О╤В ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜. ╨в╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨╡╨║ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓╤Л╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓ ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨╝╨░╨║╤А╨╛╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╤А╨╡╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨╛╨╣╤В╨╕, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡ ╤Б ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╡╨╣. ╨Ъ╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╡╨╣╨╜╤Б╨╕╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╤Л ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╜╤Г╨╗╨╕ ╤Н╤В╤Г ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╤О ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡ 20 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░. ╨Я╨╛╨╖╨╢╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╨┐╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨╝╨╕╤А╤Г.

╨н╤В╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╤О╤В, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╨╜╤М ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨░╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨╕╨╢╨╡ ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╡╤Б╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╤В ╨╛╤В ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л, ╤Б╤Л╤А╤М╤П ╨╕ ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨╕. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╤Б╤Л╤А╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╕╤Ж╤Ж╤Г ╨▓ ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╤В╨╛╤З╨║╨░╤Е. ╨Э╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╤П ╨╜╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛, ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╢╨╜╨╡╨╝ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╡.

╨Ъ╨╛╤А╤А╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨║╨░ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨╜╨╡╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╤Л ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╕ ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨║╤А╨╡╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨╡╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨╡. ╨Ъ╨╛╤А╨╛╤З╨╡ ╨│╨╛╨▓╨╛╤А╤П, ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╤П╤В ╨╛╤В ╤В╨╕╨┐╨░ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╨╕ ╨╡╨╡ ╤В╨╡╤Е╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▓╤Л╨╖╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤Г ╨║╨╗╨╕╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╛╨┐╨░╤Б╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╛╨║ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨║╨╕. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╨╝╨░╤В╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤Й╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╖-╨╖╨░ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤А╤М ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░.

╨Ш╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╤П ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О

╨Ф╨▓╨░ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╨░, ╨н╨╣╤В╨░╨╜ ╨и╨╡╤И╨╕╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╨Щ╨╛╤А╨░╨╝ ╨Т╨░╨╣╤Б, ╨▓╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╤О ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨╡╨║ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓ 1977 ╨│., ╨┤╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤П ╨║╨╡╨╣╨╜╤Б╨╕╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨░╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Г╨╗╤П╤А╨╕╨╖╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨░ ╤Н╤В╤Г ╨╕╨┤╨╡╤О. ╨Ю╨▒╨░ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╨░ ╤Г╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨░╨╗╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╤Г╤В ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕. ╨Т╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤В ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨║╤А╨╡╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г (╨╛╤В╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г) ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤В╨╛╤А╤П╤О╤Й╨╡╨╝╤Г╤Б╤П ╤И╨░╨▒╨╗╨╛╨╜╤Г. ╨Ш ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╤Г╤В ╨▓╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤ ╨╖╨░ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╨╝ ╨▓╤Л╤А╤Г╤З╨║╨╕. ╨Т 1985 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╣ ╨║╨╡╨╣╨╜╤Б╨╕╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В ╨У╤А╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕ ╨Ь╤Н╨╜╨║╤М╤О ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┤╨░╨╢╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╣ ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В. ╨Ь╤Н╨╜╨║╤М╤О ╨┤╨░╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤П╨▓╨╕╨╗, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╡╨▒╨░╨╜╨╕╤П, ╨╛╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░╤П ╤А╨░╨▓╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╡╤Б╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨╕╨╢╨╡ ╨╛╨┐╤В╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╕╨░╨┐╨░╨╖╨╛╨╜╨░.

╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓, ╨░╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╤Л ╨Ф╨╢╨╛╤А╨┤╨╢ ╨Р╨║╨╡╤А╨╗╨╛╤Д ╨╕ ╨Ф╨╢╨░╨╜╨╡╤В ╨Щ╨╡╨╗╨╗╨╡╨╜ ╤Г╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨░╨╗╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╨╜╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Г, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╤В ╨╛╨│╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Г╤О ╨▓╤Л╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В ╨╜╨╡ ╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Т 1987 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╤Д╤А╨░╨╜╤Ж╤Г╨╖╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╕ ╤П╨┐╨╛╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╤Л ╨Ю╨╗╨╕╨▓╤М╨╡ ╨С╨╗╨░╨╜╤И╨░╤А ╨╕ ╨Э╨╛╨▒╤Г╤Е╨╕╤А╨╛ ╨Ъ╨╕╤С╤В╨░╨║╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б-╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╨╜╤М ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╨╗╨░╤В╤Л. ╨Я╨╛╨╖╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤Б╤В╤Л, ╤В╨░╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨Ь╨╕╤Е╨░╨╕╨╗ ╨У╨╛╨╗╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▓, ╨а╨╛╨▒╨╡╤А╤В ╨Ы╤Г╨║╨░╤Б, ╨е╤М╤О ╨Ф╨╕╨║╤Б╨╛╨╜ ╨╕ ╨Ъ╨╗╨░╤Г╤Б ╨е╨░╨╜╤Б╨╡╨╜, ╨▓╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨║╨╗╨░╨┤ ╨▓ ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╤О.

╨Т ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨▓ ╨╜╨╡╨╛╨║╨╗╨░╤Б╤Б╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╤П╤Е ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨│╨╕╨▒╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕, ╨▓ ╨║╨╡╨╣╨╜╤Б╨╕╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╤В╨╜╨╛╨╡. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨║╨╕╨╡, ╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╨╜╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤И╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨░ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В. ╨Ш ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┤╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╨░╤В╤М ╤Н╤В╨╛, ╨У╤А╨╡╨│╨╛╤А╨╕ ╨Ь╤Н╨╜╨║╤М╤О ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗ ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓ 1985 ╨│.. ╨б╨╛╨│╨╗╨░╤Б╨╜╨╛ ╤В╨╡╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕, ╨╜╨╡╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤А╤П╨╝ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╤Г ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г, ╨╜╨╛ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г. ╨Ш╤В╨░╨║, ╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╕╨╝ ╨╜╨░ ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨Ь╤Н╨╜╨║╤М╤О, ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╤Б ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╨╡╨╣:

1. ╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П

╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╤А╨░╤Б╤И╨╕╤А╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П (╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П), ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П, ╨╜╨╛ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Л╤В╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨▒╤А╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨┤╨╛ ╨╛╨┐╤В╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤В╨╛╤З╨║╨╕, ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╣ ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨┐╨╛╨║╤А╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨╕╨╖╨╗╨╕╤И╨╡╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤П ╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨░╨╡╤В ╨╕ ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╨╡ (╨▓╤Л╨│╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣).

2. ╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╨╜╨╕╨╢╨╡ ╨╛╨╢╨╕╨┤╨░╨╡╨╝╨╛╨│╨╛

╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╛╨╢╨╕╨┤╨░╨╡╨╝╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Л╤В╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Г. ╨б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤Й╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨░, ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛, ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤В╨╕╤В ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╨╕╨╖╨╗╨╕╤И╨╡╨║ ╨┤╨╛ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╤П, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤А╨╕ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╤О╤В ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨░╨▓╨╛╤З╨╜╤Г╤О ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М. ╨Ш╤В╨░╨║, ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╡ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┐╤Л╤В╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╕╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л; ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╤О╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л, ╨╕╨╖╨╗╨╕╤И╨║╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О.

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л

╨Ф╨░╨▓╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╕╨╝ ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╤О:

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А тДЦ1

╨Я╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╨╝, ╤Б╨╡╤В╤М ╤А╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╨▒╤Л╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П Pizza Hut ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╨╝╨░╤В╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨▓ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╤Е ╤В╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Е ╤В╨╛╤З╨║╨░╤Е. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╕╨╖-╨╖╨░ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨░ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╤Б╤Л╤А ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨┐╨╗╨░╨╜╨╕╤А╤Г╤О╤В ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╕╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╨┐╨╕╤Ж╤Ж╤Г. ╨Т ╨╜╨░╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╤Й╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╡╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╨╕╤Ж╤Ж╨░ ╨┐╨╛ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╨╡ ╨╛╤В 11 ╨┤╨╛ 22 ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨Ш╤В╨░╨║, ╤Б╨╡╨╣╤З╨░╤Б ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨▓╤Л╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░ $2,5. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ Pizza Hut ╨┐╨╛╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╗╨░ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л, ╨╜╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О. ╨Ш╤В╨░╨║, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤З╨░╤В╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨░╤В╨░╨╗╨╛╨│╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О, ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╤Б ╨┤╨╕╤Б╤В╤А╨╕╨▒╤М╤О╤В╨╛╤А╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╡╤Й╨╕.

╨Ф╨╗╤П ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╨╛╤В╤А╨░╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨▒╤Г╨┤╤Г╤В ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤В╤М ╨╜╨╡╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л, ╤А╨╡╨│╤Г╨╗╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▒╤Л╨╗╤М╤О; ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨┤╨╛╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░, ╨╛╨╜╨╛ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╝.

╨Я╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А #2

╨Э╨╡╨┤╨░╨▓╨╜╤П╤П ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╤П ╨б╨╕-╨С╨╕-╨б╨╕ ╨╖╨░╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨░ ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨│╨╗╨╛╨▒╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝ ╤А╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨░╨╜╤Л ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╡╤В╨╕, ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛, ╨▒╤Г╨┤╤Г╤В ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╤В╤М ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О. ╨б╨╛╨│╨╗╨░╤Б╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╤В╤З╨╡╤В╤Г Foodservices Facts, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨░╨╜╤Л ╨▓ ╨Ъ╨░╨╜╨░╨┤╨╡ ╨╛╨╢╨╕╨┤╨░╤О╤В ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨░ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ 7,8% ╨║ ╨┤╨╡╨║╨░╨▒╤А╤О 2022 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░. ╨а╨╛╤Б╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╤В ╨║ ╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╕ ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▓ ╤В╨╛╤З╨║╨░╤Е ╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Т ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╝ ╨╛╤В╤З╨╡╤В╨╡ ╨│╨╛╨▓╨╛╤А╨╕╤В╤Б╤П, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╤П╤П ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В 105 887 ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨│╨╛╨┤ ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨░╨│╨░╨╖╨╕╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ 0,52 ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨░.

╨Ш╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╕ ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╤П ╨д╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨┐╤Б╨░ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╨▓╨╖╨░╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╣. ╨Т ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨░╨│╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Г ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╛╨║╤Г╨┐╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б, ╨▓╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╣ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╡╤В ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╛ ╤Б ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╡╨╝ ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╨╗╨░╤В╤Л ╨╕ ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╡╨╣. ╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╨░ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╨╡╨╡ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б. ╨в╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║ ╨╢╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨░╤П ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╜╨░╤П ╨┐╨╗╨░╤В╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л.

╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Г ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Л ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤З╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨░, ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╜╨╡ ╨╜╨░╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨╜╨╡╤Г╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╤В╨▓╨╛╤А╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨░ ╨╜╨░ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ McDonald’s ╨╜╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨╗╨╕╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓, ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨┤╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╤Г╨┐╨░╤Б╤В╤М. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╤Г╨▓╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╤М ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╤Б╨╛╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨┤╨╡╤В ╨║ ╨▒╨╡╨╖╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╕╤Ж╨╡. ╨в╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║ ╨╢╨╡, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨║╨░ ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╨╗╨░╤В╤Л ╤Б╨╜╨╕╨╢╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П, ╤Б╨╛╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╜╨╕╨║╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┐╨╛╨║╨╕╨╜╤Г╤В╤М ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╤Г.

╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╤П ╨д╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨┐╤Б╨░ ╤Г╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨╢╨┤╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨╜╨╕╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤В ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨║ ╨┐╨░╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨╜╨░ 0,5%. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╤Г╨┐╨░╨┤╨╡╤В ╨╕ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б, ╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М. ╨Р ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╤Г╨┐╨░╨┤╨╡╤В, ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╨░ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╨║╨╛╨╗╨╡╨▒╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П.

╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)

╨Ъ╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╨░ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╕ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨║╨╛╨╢╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╛╨▒╤Г╨▓╨╕?

╨Т ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╣ ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕, ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л, ╨▓╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╨┐╨╕╤Б╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕, ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤Б ╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╡╨│. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨▒╤Г╨▓╨╜╤Г╤О ╨║╨╛╨╢╤Г ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В ╨▒╤А╨╛╨║╨╡╤А╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╤Л, ╨▒╨░╨╜╨║╨╛╨▓╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨▒╨╛╤А╤Л ╨╕ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤Л.

╨Ъ╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╨░ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨░╤П ╤В╨╡╨╝╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В ╨╜╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О?

╨Ю╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨░╤П ╤В╨╡╨╝╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╛╤В╨╛╤З╨╡╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨░ ╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╨▓╤Л╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨▓ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤А╤П╨┤╨║╨╡. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ (╨▓ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛) ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨╜╨╡ ╤З╤Г╨▓╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╢╨╡.

╨б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╤В╨░╨║╨░╤П ╨╢╨╡, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╤Л?

╨Э╨╡╤В, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╡. ╨Ш╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╕╨╖╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П, ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╤О╤В, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╛╨╣ ╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨┤ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨╖╨░╤В╤А╨░╤В╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Е╨╛╨┤ ╤Б ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨╡╨╣ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╛╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╨╖╨░╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╤П╤В ╨║╨╗╨╕╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨║╨╕╨╜╤Г╤В╤М ╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨┤.

╨Т ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╕╤Ж╨░ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╕ ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О?

╨е╨╛╤В╤П ╨╛╨▒╨░ ╨╖╨▓╤Г╤З╨░╤В ╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╜╨░╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛, ╤Г ╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨╡╤Б╤В╤М ╨╛╨│╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤А╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨░╨╜ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤П╨╡╤В ╤Ж╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨▒╨╗╤О╨┤╨░, ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М тАУ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О. ╨ж╨╡╨╜╨╛╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╤Г ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╜ ╨╜╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╕ ╤Н╨╗╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л.

╨н╤В╨░ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╤П ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨░ ╤А╤Г╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨║ ╤В╨╛╨╝╤Г, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╝╨╡╨╜╤О. ╨Ч╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М ╨╝╤Л ╨╛╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╤П╨╡╨╝ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╤О, ╨╝╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М, ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А╤Л ╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╤П╨╖╤М ╤Б ╨║╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨д╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨┐╤Б╨░. ╨Т╤Л ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╡╤В╤М ╨╜╨░╤И╨╕ ╤А╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕ ╨┐╨╛ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╡ тАУ

  • ╨Ь╨░╤Б╤И╤В╨░╨▒╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М
  • ╨ж╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╤П ╨┤╨╕╤Б╨║╤А╨╕╨╝╨╕╨╜╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П
  • ╨Ш╨╜╤Д╨╗╤П╤Ж╨╕╤П ╤Ж╨╡╨╜

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