╨Ф╨╡╨╜╤М ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓. ╨Ю╨▒╨╖╨╛╤А ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓-╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓

• ╨Ь╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Е╨░ ╨▓ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╡ ╨┤╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨▒╨░╨╗╨╗╨╛╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╤Л, ╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╨╜╨░╤И╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╨╜╨╕╤И╤Г ╨▓ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨╡╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╕╤Е ╤Б╤А╨╛╨║ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╡╨║.
• ╨С╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╨░ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М, ╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╨▓ ╤Н╨┐╨╛╤Е╤Г Citizens United, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П ╤Б╨╜╤П╨╗╨░ ╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨▒╨╕╤А╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨░╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣.
• ╨Э╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣ ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨║╨░╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕; ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Е╨╛╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨░╨╗╨╗╨╛╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б╨░╨╝╨╕.
• ╨н╤В╨░ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╜╨░╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨▓╤Б╨╡╤Е, ╨║╤В╨╛ ╤Е╨╛╤З╨╡╤В ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨░╤Е, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Е╨░ ╨▓ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╡.

╨Ф╨╡╨╜╤М ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓ тАФ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨┐╨╛╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╤Л╤И╨╗╤П╤В╤М ╨╛ ╨▒╨╛╨│╨░╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л ╨╕ ╨╛ ╨╗╤О╨┤╤П╤Е (╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╝╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В), ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╡╨╡ ╨╛╤В ╤Б╨║╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╝╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╜╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨║ ╨╜╤Л╨╜╨╡╤И╨╜╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╗╨╕╨┤╨╡╤А╨░. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨┤╨╡╨╜╤М ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╤Е ╨╗╤О╨┤╨╡╨╣ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╤В╤А╨░╤В╨╕╤В╤М ╨┤╨╡╨╜╤М╨│╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨▒╨╡╤Б╤З╨╕╤Б╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨░╤Б╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╢╨░╤Е, ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨▓╨╕╨│╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╤Е ╨▓ ╨┤╤Г╤Е╨╡ ╨Т╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨│╤В╨╛╨╜╨░, ╨Ф╨╢╨╡╤Д╤Д╨╡╤А╤Б╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨╕ ╨Ы╨╕╨╜╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨╜╨░.

╨Ь╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤И╨╜╤Г╤О ╨║╨░╤А╤М╨╡╤А╤Г ╨┤╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╨╛╨╣, ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨▓ ╤А╨╡╨┐╤Г╤В╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨╛╨┐╤Л╤В╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓, ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╢╨┤╨╡ ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨╕╤Б╨║╤Г╤Б╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╝╨╕ ╨╗╨╕╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Э╨░ ╤Б╨░╨╝╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡, ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║ ╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╕ ╤О╤А╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╗╨╕╤Ж╨╡ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л.

╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╨░

╨С╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╨░ ╨╕╨┤╤Г╤В ╤А╤Г╨║╨░ ╨╛╨▒ ╤А╤Г╨║╤Г. ╨Т ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╛╨▓, ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╨░, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛, ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╤О╤В ╨╜╨░ ╤В╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨╕ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░╨╗╨╛╨│╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Ш ╤Е╨╛╤В╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В ╨╜╨╡ ╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣, ╨║╤В╨╛ ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╤Г, ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╤Б╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╛ ╨▓ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╡ ╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨║╨░╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨┤╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╨░, ╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╖╨░ ╨╛╤Д╨╕╤Б╨╛╨╝, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╤Г.

╨Я╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╤Г ╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╕╨╖╨▒╨╕╤А╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨░╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╜╤П╤В╤Л ╨▓ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡ ╨Т╨╡╤А╤Е╨╛╨▓╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░ 2010 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░ Citizens United ╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓ FEC, ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╤Г╨┤╤М╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б 5 ╨┐╨╛ 4 ╨╛╤В╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╨┤╨░╨▓╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╨░ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╖╨▒╨╕╤А╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨║╨░╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣, ╨╕╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╤Л ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░ ╤Б╤Л╨│╤А╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨▓╨░╨╢╨╜╤Г╤О ╤А╨╛╨╗╤М ╨▓ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨║╨░╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨║╨╡ ╨║╨░╨╜╨┤╨╕╨┤╨░╤В╨╛╨▓, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╛╨╢╨╕╨┤╨░╤О╤В, ╨▒╤Г╨┤╨╡╤В ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╕╤Е ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣.

╨Ф╨╗╤П ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е, ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛, ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨║╨░╨╜╨┤╨╕╨┤╨░╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛. ╨Ь╨╜╨╛╨╢╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╤П╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨╣ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М тАФ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╢╨┤╨░╨╗╨╕ тАФ ╤Б╨░╨╝╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╨░ ╨▓ ╨б╨и╨Р. ╨Э╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤О╤В ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╝╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╤Г ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨░╤П ╤Е╨▓╨░╤В╨║╨░ ╨╕ ╤Н╤Д╤Д╨╡╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Б╨╡╨║╤В╨╛╤А╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╜╨╕╨║╨░╤О╤В ╨▓ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨╗╤Л. ╨Ф╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╨╡ ╨╛╨┐╨░╤Б╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨┤╨▓╨╡╤А╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨║╨╛╤А╤А╤Г╨┐╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Д╨░╨▓╨╛╤А╨╕╤В╨╕╨╖╨╝╨░, ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤А╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨║╨╗╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨║╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╝╤Г, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╕╨╖ ╤Б╨░╨╝╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨Ю╨▓╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨║╨░╨▒╨╕╨╜╨╡╤В╨░.

╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╨▒╤Л ╨▓╤Л ╨╜╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨║ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╝ ╨╗╤О╨┤╤П╨╝, ╨╖╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨░, ╤П╤Б╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛: ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨╕ ╤А╤Г╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╨╕ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╤И╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨▓╨╡╨╜╨░ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨▒╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨▒╤Г ╨╕ ╨╕╨╜╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│╨░╤О╤В ╨╖╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨░ ╨б╨╛╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨и╤В╨░╤В╨╛╨▓. ╨б╨╗╨╡╨┤╤Г╤О╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╨╕╤Б╨╛╨║ ╨╖╨░╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╡╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨░╨╝╨╕-╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╤Е ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Е╨░ ╨┤╨╛ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╕╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨║ ╨▓╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕, ╨░ ╨╜╨╡╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╨╕╨╖ ╨╜╨╕╤Е ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤И╨╜╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤П╨╝╨╕ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨░╤А╤М╨╡╤А╤Л.

╨Я╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╤Л-╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╤Л

╨Ф╨╢╨╛╤А╨┤╨╢ ╨Т╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨│╤В╨╛╨╜ (тДЦ 1, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨▓ 1789-1797 ╨│╨│.)

╨Т╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨│╤В╨╛╨╜ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨╜╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝ ╨╕╨╖ ╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨░╨╣╤И╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨б╨и╨Р, ╨╜╨╛ ╨╕ ╨╛╨┐╤Л╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╛╨╝. ╨Я╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨▓╨╡╤А╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╜╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╤Б╨║╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╛╨║╨░ ╨▓ 1797 ╨│. ╨Т╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨│╤В╨╛╨╜ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨╗ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕ ╤В╨░╨╗╨░╨╜╤В╤Л ╨║ ╨╛╤З╨╡╨╜╤М ╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨▓ ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨┤╨╡╨╗╤Г: ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г ╨▓╨╕╤Б╨║╨╕. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╨╗ ╨▓╨╕╨╜╨╛╨║╤Г╤А╨╜╤О ╨╜╨░ ╤В╨╡╤А╤А╨╕╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨Ь╨░╤Г╨╜╤В-╨Т╨╡╤А╨╜╨╛╨╜. ╨Ъ 1799 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨▓╨╕╨╜╨╛╨║╤Г╤А╨╜╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╗╨░ 11 000 ╨│╨░╨╗╨╗╨╛╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨│╨╛╨┤, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░╨╗╨╛ ╨╡╨╡ ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╕╨╖ ╨║╤А╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╡╨╣╤И╨╕╤Е ╨▓ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡.

╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨╡╤З╨╜╨╛, ╨▓ ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╤П╤В╨╕╤П ╨Т╨░╤И╨╕╨╜╨│╤В╨╛╨╜╨░ ╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨┐╨╕╨╜╨░╤Е ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╨▓, ╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╤И╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╡ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╨╕╨╜╨╛╨║╤Г╤А╨╜╨╡. ╨Х╨│╨╛ ╨║╨╛╨╝╨╝╨╡╤А╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Е, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╕ ╤Г ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╤Е ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╤Е ╨▓╨╕╨╜╨╛╨║╤Г╤А╨╡╨╜ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л, ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨▓ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨╡╨┐╨╡╨╜╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤П╨╖╨░╨╜ ╤А╨░╨▒╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝╤Г ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╤Г.

╨Р╨▓╤А╨░╨░╨╝ ╨Ы╨╕╨╜╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨╜ (тДЦ 16, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨▓ 1861-1865 ╨│╨│.)

╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╤Л ╨Ы╨╕╨╜╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨╜ ╨╜╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П ╨╛╨│╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Е╨░, ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨▒╨╗╨░╨│╨╛╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╗╨╕╤Ж╨╛ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨▒╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨║╨░╨╢╨┤╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤П╤В╨╕╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨║╤Г╨┐╤О╤А╨╡, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Г╤О ╨╝╤Л ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╡╨╝ ╨╕╨╖ ╨║╨╛╤И╨╡╨╗╤М╨║╨░. ╨Э╨╛ ╨Ы╨╕╨╜╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨╜ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨│ ╨▓╨╖╨╗╨╛╨╝╨░╤В╤М ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜. ╨Ч╨░╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╨╗ ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╡╨▒╤П ╨▓╨╡╤Б ╨│╨╗╤Г╨▒╨╛╨║╨╕╤Е ╤А╨░╨╖╨╜╨╛╨│╨╗╨░╤Б╨╕╨╣ ╨▓ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡, ╨Ы╨╕╨╜╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨╜ ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╗ ╤Г╨╜╨╕╨▓╨╡╤А╤Б╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╝╨░╨│╨░╨╖╨╕╨╜╨╛╨╝ тАФ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╛╤З╨╡╨╜╤М ╤Е╨╛╤А╨╛╤И╨╛. ╨Х╨╝╤Г ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ 23 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╛╨╜ ╨╕ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╡╤А ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨░╨│╨░╨╖╨╕╨╜ ╨▓ ╨Э╤М╤О-╨б╨░╨╗╨╡╨╝╨╡, ╤И╤В╨░╤В ╨Ш╨╗╨╗╨╕╨╜╨╛╨╣╤Б. ╨Ы╨╕╨╜╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨╜ ╨┤╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╤Б╤В╤А╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╗ ╨╕╨╖ ╤В╤П╨╢╨╡╨╗╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░, ╨╜╨╛ ╨╜╨╡ ╤А╨░╨╜╤М╤И╨╡, ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨╛╨╜ ╨╖╨░╤Б╤В╤А╤П╨╗ ╤Б ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╡╤А╨░ ╨▓ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡ 1000 ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓.

╨н╨╜╨┤╤А╤О ╨Ф╨╢╨╛╨╜╤Б╨╛╨╜ (тДЦ 17, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨▓ 1865тАУ1869 ╨│╨│.)

╨Ф╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨Ф╨╢╨╛╨╜╤Б╨╛╨╜ ╨▓╨╛╤И╨╡╨╗ ╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╤Г╤О ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╤М, ╨╛╨╜ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨╕╤Б╨║╤Г╤Б╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤А╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕ ╨▓╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╤Ж ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╢╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕. ╨б╤Л╨╜ ╤И╨▓╨╡╨╕, ╨Ф╨╢╨╛╨╜╤Б╨╛╨╜, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╤И╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╗╨╡╤В╨╕╤П, ╨╛╤В╤Г╤З╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤А╤В╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛. ╨Ъ╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╛╨╜ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╨╖╤А╨╛╤Б╨╗╤Л╨╝, ╨╛╨╜ ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╨╗ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╝╨░╨│╨░╨╖╨╕╨╜. ╨Ш╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛ ╨▓ ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╛╨╜ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨╜╨╡╨╖╨░╨▓╨╕╤Б╨╕╨╝╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤А╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝, ╨╛╨╜ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗ ╤Г╤З╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤З╨╕╤В╨░╤В╤М ╨╕ ╨┐╨╕╤Б╨░╤В╤М, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨╡╤З╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╕╤В╨╛╨│╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╛ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨║ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨╢╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г.

╨г╨╛╤А╤А╨╡╨╜ ╨У. ╨е╨░╤А╨┤╨╕╨╜╨│ (тДЦ 29, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨▓ 1921-1923 ╨│╨│.)

╨а╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░ ╤Б ╨┐╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╨│╨┤╨░ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨░ ╤Б╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╤З╨╡╨╣ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨░, ╨╜╨╛ ╤Г ╨е╨░╤А╨┤╨╕╨╜╨│╨░ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╕╨╝╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛: ╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╗ ╨╕╨╖ ╨│╨░╨╖╨╡╤В╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╨╡╨╝╤М╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Б 10 ╨╗╨╡╤В ╨╕╨╖╤Г╤З╨░╨╗ ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨╜╨║╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╛╤В╤Ж╨░. тАФ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╤В╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┐╨╛╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝, ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╤Е╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨╕ ╤О╤А╨╕╤Б╨┐╤А╤Г╨┤╨╡╨╜╤Ж╨╕╨╡╨╣ тАФ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╨┐╨╛╨│╤А╤Г╨╖╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б. ╨Т╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡ ╤Б ╨┐╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╡╤А╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨╛╨╜ ╤Б╨║╨╛╨┐╨╕╨╗ 300 ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨║╤Г╨┐╨╕╤В╤М The Marion Daily Star ╨▓ ╨Ю╨│╨░╨╣╨╛. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╨▓╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╗ ╨│╨░╨╖╨╡╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨║ ╤В╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╡╨╝╤Г ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П 21 ╨│╨╛╨┤.

╨Т╨╗╨░╨┤╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╛╨╝ ╤Г╤В╨╛╨╝╨╗╤П╨╗╨╛ ╨е╨░╤А╨┤╨╕╨╜╨│╨░, ╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╨╜ ╨╖╨░╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╗╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨░╨╜╨░╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨╕ ╨░╨║╤В╨╕╨▓╨╜╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤Б╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕╨╝ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╛╨╝. ╨Т 1923 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г, ╨▓ ╨│╨╛╨┤ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨╣ ╤Б╨╝╨╡╤А╤В╨╕, ╨е╨░╤А╨┤╨╕╨╜╨│ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨░╨╗ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╨│╨░╨╖╨╡╤В╤Г ╨╖╨░ 550 000 ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨Т ╤Б╨╡╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤П╤И╨╜╨╕╤Е ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨░╤Е ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨║╨╛╨╗╨╛ 7 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ тАФ ╨╜╨╡ ╤В╨░╨║ ╤Г╨╢ ╨╕ ╨╝╨░╨╗╨╛.

╨У╨╡╤А╨▒╨╡╤А╤В ╨У╤Г╨▓╨╡╤А (тДЦ 31, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨▓ 1929-1933 ╨│╨│.)

╨У╤Г╨▓╨╡╤А ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨▓ ╤Е╤Г╨┤╤И╨╕╨╣ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╕╨╛╨┤ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л. ╨Ъ╨░╨╖╨░╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╨▒╤Л ╨╕╨┤╨╡╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤В╤М ╨▓╨╛ ╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╡ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨░, ╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╨░ ╨У╤Г╨▓╨╡╤А╨░ ╤Г╤Б╤Г╨│╤Г╨▒╨╕╨╗╨░ ╤Г╤Е╤Г╨┤╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╕.

╨Я╤А╨╡╨╢╨┤╨╡ ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨░ ╤А╤Г╤Е╨╜╤Г╨╗╨░, ╨У╤Г╨▓╨╡╤А ╨┐╤А╨╡╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╨╗ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╡ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨░. ╨Ю╨╜ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╗ ╨╕╨╜╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╡╤А╨╛╨╝ ╨╕ ╨╕╨╖╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╗ ╨╜╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╗╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╤Ж╨╕╨╜╨║╨░, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨╕╨╜╨░╤З╨╡ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨▒╤Л ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╡╤А╤П╨╜ ╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨│╨╛╤А╨╜╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╤Е ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░╤Е ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗ Zinc Corporation ╨▓ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╡ 20 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░, ╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨╢╨╡ ╨╛╨╜╨░ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗╨░ ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╤М╤О ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨║╤А╤Г╨┐╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨║╨╛╤А╨┐╨╛╤А╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕.

╨У╨░╤А╤А╨╕ ╨в╤А╤Г╨╝╤Н╨╜ (тДЦ 33, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨▓ 1945-1953 ╨│╨│.)

╨б╨░╨╝╨╛╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨╕╨╖╨│╨╗╨░╨┤╨╕╨╝╨╛╨╡ ╨▓╨┐╨╡╤З╨░╤В╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛ ╨в╤А╤Г╨╝╤Н╨╜╨╡ ╨▓ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨╛╤И╨╗╨╛ ╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨╖ ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╤Б╨╝╨╡╤А╤В╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨░ ╨д╤А╨░╨╜╨║╨╗╨╕╨╜╨░ ╨Ф. ╨а╤Г╨╖╨▓╨╡╨╗╤М╤В╨░. ╨Т╤Б╤В╨░╨▓ ╤Г ╤А╤Г╨╗╤П, ╨╛╨╜ ╤Г╨╖╨╜╨░╨╗ ╨╛ ╨Ь╨░╨╜╤Е╤Н╤В╤В╨╡╨╜╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╡╨║╤В╨╡. ╨з╨╡╤А╨╡╨╖ ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤П╤Ж╨╡╨▓ ╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╨╗ ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╨▒╤А╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤М ╨┤╨▓╨╡ ╨░╤В╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨▒╨╛╨╝╨▒╤Л ╨╜╨░ ╨п╨┐╨╛╨╜╨╕╤О, ╤Д╨░╨║╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╕╨▓ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨╡╤Ж ╨Т╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╨╡.

╨Я╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В ╨┐╤А╨╛╤И╨╡╨╗ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤Г╤В╤М ╨╛╤В ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨│╨░╨╗╨░╨╜╤В╨╡╤А╨╡╨╣╤Й╨╕╨║╨░. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨╝, ╨╕╨╖╨▒╤А╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ 1897 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╨╗ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╤И╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Я╤А╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╡╨╝╤Л ╤Б╨╛ ╨╖╨┤╨╛╤А╨╛╨▓╤М╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨▓╨╛╨╗╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨в╤А╤Г╨╝╤Н╨╜╤Г ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В╤Г╨┐╨╕╤В╤М ╨▓ ╨Т╨╡╤Б╤В-╨Я╨╛╨╣╨╜╤В, ╨┐╨╛╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╡╤Й╨░╨╗ ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨║╤Г╤А╤Б╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б-╨║╨╛╨╗╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╢╨╡, ╨╜╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║ ╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╤З╨╕╨╗ ╨╡╨│╨╛. ╨Т╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╛ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╨╗ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓ ╤В╤П╨╢╨╡╨╗╤Л╤Е ╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╨░╤Е.

╨в╤А╤Г╨╝╤Н╨╜ ╨╛╤В╨║╤А╤Л╨╗ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨░╨│╨░╨╖╨╕╨╜ ╨╛╨┤╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Л ╨▓ ╨Ъ╨░╨╜╨╖╨░╤Б-╨б╨╕╤В╨╕, ╤И╤В╨░╤В ╨Ь╨╕╤Б╤Б╤Г╤А╨╕, ╨▓ 1919 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г. ╨з╨╡╤А╨╡╨╖ ╨┐╨░╤А╤Г ╨╗╨╡╤В ╨╛╨╜ ╨╛╨▒╨░╨╜╨║╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨╗╤Б╤П ╨╕ ╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╗ ╨║╨░╤А╤М╨╡╤А╤Г, ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨▓ ╤Б ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╛╤А╨│╨░╨╜╨░╤Е ╨▓╨╗╨░╤Б╤В╨╕, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨╡╤З╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╕╤В╨╛╨│╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╛ ╨║ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╨╛╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╤П╨╝.

╨Ф╨╢╨╕╨╝╨╝╨╕ ╨Ъ╨░╤А╤В╨╡╤А (тДЦ 39, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╤Б 1977 ╨┐╨╛ 1981 ╨│╨╛╨┤)

╨Я╨╛╨╝╨╕╨╝╨╛ ╨╕╨╖╨▒╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╜╨░ ╨▓╤Л╤Б╤И╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╤В ╨▓ ╤Б╨░╨╝╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨░, ╨Ъ╨░╤А╤В╨╡╤А ╨╛╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗ ╨Ф╨╡╨┐╨░╤А╤В╨░╨╝╨╡╨╜╤В ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П, ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╨╗ ╨Э╨╛╨▒╨╡╨╗╨╡╨▓╤Б╨║╤Г╤О ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╝╨╕╤О ╨╝╨╕╤А╨░ ╨╕ ╨╜╨░╨┐╨╕╤Б╨░╨╗ ╨┐╨╛╤З╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨▓╨░ ╨┤╨╡╤Б╤П╤В╨║╨░ ╨║╨╜╨╕╨│. ╨в╨╡╨╝ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╡, ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛ ╤Б╨╕╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤А ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╜╤П╤В ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Д╨╡╤А╨╝╨╡╤А╨░, ╨▓╤Л╤А╨░╤Й╨╕╨▓╨░╤О╤Й╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨░╤А╨░╤Е╨╕╤Б.

╨Ъ╨░╤А╤В╨╡╤А ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╨╜╨░ ╤Д╨╗╨╛╤В╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨╛╨║╨╛╨╜╤З╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨Т╨╛╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛-╨╝╨╛╤А╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨░╨║╨░╨┤╨╡╨╝╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╤Г╨╝╨╡╤А ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨╡╤Ж. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨▓╨╡╤А╨╜╤Г╨╗╤Б╤П ╨▓ ╨У╤А╤Г╨╖╨╕╤О, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╣╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╛╨╝. ╨б╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╨║╨╛╨╡ ╤Е╨╛╨╖╤П╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╨╡╤Б╤В╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨Ъ╨░╤А╤В╨╡╤А╨░, ╨╕ ╨╛╨╜ ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤И╨╜╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╨▓╨╕╨▓╨░╨╗ ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б.

╨Ф╨╛╨╜╨░╨╗╤М╨┤ ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐ (тДЦ 45, ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╨╗ ╤Б 2017 ╨┐╨╛ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤)

╨Ф╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╨╛╨╝, ╨╛╨╜ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨╕╨╖╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╝. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╨╗ ╤Б╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╣╨╜╤Г╤О ╨║╨╛╨╝╨┐╨░╨╜╨╕╤О ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨▓╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨╗ ╨╡╨╡ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╡╨╢╨┤╤Г╨╜╨░╤А╨╛╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨┤. ╨Ю╨╜ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╕╨╜╨▓╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗ ╨▓ ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨▓╨╕╨╢╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╨│╨░╨╗ ╤Б╤В╤А╨╛╨╕╤В╤М ╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕ ╨╕╨╖ ╤Б╨░╨╝╤Л╤Е ╤А╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╤И╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╛╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╣ ╨╕ ╨║╨░╨╖╨╕╨╜╨╛ ╨▓ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╡. ╨в╨╛╤А╨│╨╛╨▓╨░╤П ╨╝╨░╤А╨║╨░ ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╗╨╕╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨╗╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╣╨║╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╤Г╨║╤В╨╛╨▓, ╨▓ ╤В╨╛╨╝ ╤З╨╕╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨╡╨╣╨║╨░╨╝ ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐╨░, ╨г╨╜╨╕╨▓╨╡╤А╤Б╨╕╤В╨╡╤В╤Г ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐╨░, ╤И╨░╤В╤В╨╗╤Г ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐╨░ ╨╕ ╤В╤Г╨░╨╗╨╡╤В╨╜╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╡ Trump Success.

╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐ ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╗ ╤В╨░╨║╤Г╤О тАЛтАЛ╤А╨╡╨┐╤Г╤В╨░╤Ж╨╕╤О ╨▒╨╕╨╖╨╜╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╡╨╜╨░, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╨╜╤П╨╗╨╕ ╨▓ ╨░╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╛╨╝ ╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╤И╨╛╤Г. ╨г╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨║ ╨╖╨╜╨░╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕, ╤Б ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╤Б╤П ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╜╨░╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╤В╤Л╨╣ ╨┤╨╡╨▓╨╕╨╖: ┬л╨Т╤Л ╤Г╨▓╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╜╤Л┬╗. ╨Я╨╗╨╛╨┤╤Л ╤Г╤Б╨┐╨╡╤Е╨░ ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐╨░ ╤Б╨╡╨│╨╛╨┤╨╜╤П ╤И╨╕╤А╨╛╨║╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╤Б╤Г╨╢╨┤╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨║╤А╨╕╤В╨╕╨║╨░╨╝╨╕, ╨╜╨╛ ╤П╤Б╨╜╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨в╤А╨░╨╝╨┐ ╨▒╤Л╨╗ ╨╛╨┐╤Л╤В╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╝ ╨┤╨╛ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨║╨░╨║ ╤Б╤В╨░╨╗ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨╝.

╨Я╤А╨╡╨┤╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╕ ╨Ю╨▓╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨║╨░╨▒╨╕╨╜╨╡╤В ╨╕╨┤╤Г╤В ╤А╤Г╨║╨░ ╨╛╨▒ ╤А╤Г╨║╤Г

╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨╛╨▓ ╨▓╤Л╤П╨▓╨╕╨╗, ╨┐╨╛ ╨║╤А╨░╨╣╨╜╨╡╨╣ ╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡, ╨┤╨▓╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╛╨▒╨╗╨░╨┤╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡ ╤Е╨░╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╡╤А╨╕╤Б╤В╨╕╨║╨╕ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╤Е ╨╕╨╖ ╨╜╨╕╤Е: ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤А╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨▒╨╛╨│╨░╤В╤Л╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╤А╨░╤Б╤Б╨╝╨░╤В╤А╨╕╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜ ╨║╨░╨║ ╨╗╤Г╤З╤И╨╕╨╣ ╤Б╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╛╨▒ ╨┤╨╛╨▒╨╕╤В╤М╤Б╤П ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╛╨╢╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Т╨╛╨╖╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╜╨╛, ╤Б╨░╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╡╨│╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤И╨╗╨╕ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╤Г ╨▓ ╨┐╤А╨╡╤Б╤В╨╕╨╢╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Д╨╕╤А╨╝╨░╤Е ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╛╤З╨╕╤П ╨▓ ╨░╨┤╨▓╨╛╨║╨░╤В╤Г╤А╨╡, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╤Б╤А╨░╨╖╤Г ╨╢╨╡ ╨╖╨░╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╨▓╤Л╨┤╨░╤О╤Й╨╕╨╡╤Б╤П ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕. ╨Э╨╛ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╕╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╤О ╤Б╨╛╨▒╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨┐╨╕╤Ж╤Г ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨░╨║╤В╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╤Б╨░╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤Б ╨┐╨░╤А╤В╨╜╨╡╤А╨╛╨╝, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╨║╨╕╨╡ ╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╣╤В╨╕ ╨╕╨╖ ╤Б╨║╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨╜╨░╤З╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╨╕╨╣.

╨Т ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨│╨╛╤В╨╛╨▓╨║╨╡ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕ ╤Г╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨в╨╡╨┤╨╢╨░╤Б ╨Т╨╡╨╝╨┐╨░╤А╨░╨╗╨░ ╨╕ ╨Я╨░╤В╤А╨╕╨║ ╨Ш╨│╨░╨╜.