╨Я╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░

╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░

╨Я╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░, ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░, ╨┐╨╛╤Е╨╛╨╢ ╨╜╨░ ╨║╤А╤Л╤И╤Г, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨░╤П ╨┐╨╛╨╖╨▓╨╛╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╤Д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г ╨╖╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Г╤О ╤Б╤Г╨╝╨╝╤Г ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┐╤Г╤В╨╡╨╝ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╣. ╨Ю╨╜ ╨╛╨▒╨╛╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╡╤В ╨╝╨░╨║╤Б╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤Г╤А╨╛╨▓╨╡╨╜╤М ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░, ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╤Л╨╣ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤В╤М ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨▒╨╡╨╖ ╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░.

╨Ы╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┤╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╨╡╤В ╨║╨░╨║ ╨║╤А╨░╨╣ ╨╜╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╨╡╤А╤Е╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕ ╨╖╨░╨╕╨╝╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ф╨╗╤П ╨▓╤Л╨┤╨░╤З╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤Ж╨╡╨┤╤Г╤А ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╝╨╛╨│╨░╨╡╤В ╨║╨╛╨╜╤В╤А╨╛╨╗╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╤Л ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л.

╨Ю╨│╨╗╨░╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡

• ╨Ю╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░
  • ╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░?
  • ╨У╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║
  • ╨Ъ╤А╨╕╨╖╨╕╤Б ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р
  • ╨Ч╨░ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓
  • ╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)
  • ╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨Ъ╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Л

• ╨Я╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░, ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░, ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╝╨░╨║╤Б╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╛╨╝, ╨┤╨╛ ╨║╨╛╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨б╨и╨Р ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╗╨╡╨║╨░╤В╤М ╨║╨░╨┐╨╕╤В╨░╨╗ ╤З╨╡╤А╨╡╨╖ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▒╨╡╨╖ ╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜ ╨║╨░╤Б╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨║╤А╤Л╤И╨╕, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▒╤А╨░╤В╤М ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡.
• ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨▓╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╤Г╤В╨▓╨╡╤А╨┤╨╕╨╗ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤ ╤Д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨▓ 1917 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г. ╨Ь╨░╨║╤Б╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╗ 13,5 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓, ╨▓╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨░╤П ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛╤Б╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨║╤А╨░╤В╨║╨╛╤Б╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕.
• ╨в╨╡╨║╤Г╤Й╨╕╨╣ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░, ╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨╛╨╝, ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В 31,43 ╤В╤А╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨╜╨░ 1200% ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡, ╤З╨╡╨╝ ╨▓ 1919 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г.
• ╨Я╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡, ╨║╨░╨║ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╨╗╨╛, ╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╡╤В ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨║╨╕ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╤В ╨║ ╨╖╨░╨║╤А╤Л╤В╨╕╤О ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░.

╨Ъ╨░╨║ ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨░╨╡╤В ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░?

╨Я╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨╛╤В╨╜╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤Б╤П ╨║ ╨╝╨░╨║╤Б╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╤Г, ╨╜╨░╨╗╨░╨│╨░╨╡╨╝╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨╜╨░ ╨╖╨░╨╕╨╝╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╤Г ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П. ╨Ф╨╗╤П ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░ ╤Н╤В╨╕╤Е ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╣ ╨╜╨╡ ╤В╤А╨╡╨▒╤Г╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░. ╨Ф╨╡╨╜╤М╨│╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤Л╤З╨╜╨╛ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨░╤В ╨┐╨╛╨▒╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤Д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╡ ╨▒╤А╨░╤В╤М ╨▓╨╖╨░╨╣╨╝╤Л, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╛╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╡╨║╨░╨╡╤В ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨║╨░╤Б╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░.

╨Ш╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╤П ╨╕ ╨║╨╛╨╜╤Ж╨╡╨┐╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨▓╨╛╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╤П╤В ╨║ ╤Б╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡ 20-╨│╨╛ ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░ ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨Я╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╤Л ╨▓ ╨б╨╛╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨и╤В╨░╤В╨░╤Е. ╨Т ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Л ╤Б╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨а╨╡╤Б╨┐╤Г╨▒╨╗╨╕╨║╨╕ ╨б╨и╨Р ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░╨╗ ╨╕ ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨╡╤И╨░╨╗ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨░╨╝╨╡╤А╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╨╛-╨╕╤Б╨┐╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╤Л ╨▓ 1898 ╨│. ╨Ъ╨░╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╤В╨╕╨╗╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛╤Б╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨╕ ╨║╤А╨░╤В╨║╨╛╤Б╤А╨╛╤З╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╤П╨╖╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╤Б╨╕╤В╤Г╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨╕╨╖╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╗╨░╤Б╤М ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╤Л. ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╤Г ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╜╨╛ ╤Г╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╤В╤М ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨┤╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝. ╨в╨░╨║╨╕╨╝ ╨╛╨▒╤А╨░╨╖╨╛╨╝, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨▓╤Б╨╡ ╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╨╗╨╡╨│╨║╨╕╨╝, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╤Е╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╣ ╨▓ ╤А╨░╨╖╨╝╨╡╤А╨╡ 5 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨Ч╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╨╡ ╨╛ ╨┐╨╡╤А╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨╖╨░╨╣╨╝╨╡ ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╤Л 1917 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░.

╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨▓╤Б╨║╨╛╤А╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╨╗ ╨╡╤Й╨╡ ╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╜ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨Т╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨╛╨▒ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П╤Е ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╤Л 1917 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨╜╨░╤З╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┤╨╛ 9,5 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨▓ ╨▓╨╕╨┤╨╡ ╨║╨░╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╣╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╣. ╨в╨╛╤З╨╜╨╛ ╤В╨░╨║ ╨╢╨╡ ╨│╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╨╡╤А╤В╨╕╤Д╨╕╨║╨░╤В╤Л ╨╕╨╝╨╡╤О╤В ╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨▓ 4 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨б╨╗╨╡╨┤╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛, ╤Д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ ╨╗╨╡╨│╨║╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕ ╨▒╨╡╨╖ ╨║╨░╨║╨╛╨│╨╛-╨╗╨╕╨▒╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░.

╨Я╤А╨╕ ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨╡ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨б╨и╨Р ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╖╨░╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╤М ╨┤╨╡╨╜╤М╨│╨╕. ╨е╨╛╤В╤П ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤Е╨╛╨╢╨╡ ╨╜╨░ ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В, ╨╡╤Б╤В╤М ╨║╨╗╤О╤З╨╡╨▓╤Л╨╡ ╨╛╤В╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤П. ╨Т ╤В╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨║╨░╨║ ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╛╤А ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╛╤А ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╡╤В ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╛ ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В╨╡, ╨╖╨░╨╡╨╝╤Й╨╕╨║ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╕╤В╤М ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╝ ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╡. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╤В╤М ╤А╨╡╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╨╕╤В╤Г╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╛╨┤╨╕╨╗ ╨║ ╤Б╨╡╤А╤М╨╡╨╖╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╨╖╨░╨║╤А╤Л╤В╨╕╤П╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░.

╨У╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║

╨У╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╤А╨░╤Б╤В╨╡╤В ╤Б 1917 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░. ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╜╤П╨╗ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╤Б 9 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛ 31 ╤В╤А╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╢╨╜╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤М ╤Г ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В╨░ ╨┤╨╛ ╨║╤А╨░╨╣╨╜╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╛╨║╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨▓ 2021 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨╝╨░╨║╤Б╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В, ╨▓╤Л╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г ╨б╨и╨Р, ╨▒╤Л╨╗ 15 ╨┤╨╡╨║╨░╨▒╤А╤П. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨▒╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В ╤Б╨╗╤Г╤З╨░╨╕, ╨║╨╛╨│╨┤╨░ ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╛╤В╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╤В╤М ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В. ╨Ф╨░╨▓╨░╨╣╤В╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╕╨╝ ╨╜╨░ ╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║ ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р:

╨У╨╛╨┤╨Ы╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ (╨╝╨╗╤А╨┤ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗./╤В╤А╨╗╨╜)1919$251929$431941$651945$3001946$2751954$281.001962$308.001969$377.001975$595.001980$925.001989$1820.001990$4,140.001997$5,600.002004$8,100.002008$11,300.002010$14,300.002013$16,700.002017$19,800.002019$22,030.002021$31,400.00

╨Ъ╤А╨╕╨╖╨╕╤Б ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р

╨Ъ╤А╨╕╨╖╨╕╤Б ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р ╨▓╤Л╨╖╨▓╨░╨╗ ╤И╨╕╤А╨╛╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╛╨║╨╛╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╨╛ ╨▓╤Б╨╡╤Е ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨░╤Е ╨╝╨╕╤А╨░. ╨б 1917 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 98 ╨┐╨╡╤А╨╡╤Б╨╝╨╛╤В╤А╨╛╨▓ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╕ ╤Г╨╝╨╡╨╜╤М╤И╨░╨╗╨╕ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨▓ 1995 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╤А╨╡╤Б╨┐╤Г╨▒╨╗╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╤Б╨║╨╕╨╡ ╤З╨╗╨╡╨╜╤Л ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░ ╨╛╤В╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗╨╕╤Б╤М ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╕╤В╤М ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤Й╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨б╨и╨Р ╨╛╤В╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗╨╛╤Б╤М ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╤Н╤В╨╛, ╤З╤В╨╛ ╨▓ ╨║╨╛╨╜╨╡╤З╨╜╨╛╨╝ ╨╕╤В╨╛╨│╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╛ ╨║ ╨╖╨░╨║╤А╤Л╤В╨╕╤О ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨║ ╤Б╨╡╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡ 21 ╨▓╨╡╨║╨░ ╨б╨╛╨╡╨┤╨╕╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨и╤В╨░╤В╤Л ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╕ ╨╜╨░ ╨│╤А╨░╨╜╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╤Д╨╛╨╗╤В╨░. ╨Э╨░╨║╨╛╨╜╨╡╤Ж, ╨▓ 2011 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤З╤В╨╕ ╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕╨│╨╗╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡ ╨С╨░╤А╨░╨║╨░ ╨Ю╨▒╨░╨╝╤Л. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╤А╨╡╨╣╤В╨╕╨╜╨│ ╨Ъ╨░╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╣╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р ╤Г╨┐╨░╨╗ ╤Б ╤А╨╡╨╣╤В╨╕╨╜╨│╨░ ┬л╨Р╨Р╨Р┬╗ ╨┤╨╛ ┬л╨┐╨╗╨╛╤Е╨╛╨│╨╛┬╗.

╨Т╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨╗╨╡ ╨Т╤В╨╛╤А╨╛╨╣ ╨╝╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨╛╨╣ ╨▓╨╛╨╣╨╜╤Л ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╤Б╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤В╨╕╨╗ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┤╨╛ 275 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨░╤А╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨б ╤В╨╡╤Е ╨┐╨╛╤А ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╤Г╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╡╤Б╤П╤В╨╕╨╗╨╡╤В╨╕╨╣. ╨в╨░╨║, ╨▓ 2012, 2013 ╨╕ 2014 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░╤Е ╤В╨╛╨│╨┤╨░╤И╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╕╨╝╨░╨╗ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╤Б 1,6 ╨┤╨╛ 1,8 ╤В╤А╨╗╨╜ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓. ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╤Б╨╜╨╛╨▓╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╜╤П╨╗ ╨┐╨╗╨░╨╜╨║╤Г ╨▓ ╤А╨░╨╝╨║╨░╤Е ╨║╤А╨░╨╣╨╜╨╡╨│╨╛ ╤Б╤А╨╛╨║╨░ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░, ╨╜╨╛ ╨╛╤В╨║╨░╨╖╨░╨╗╤Б╤П ╨┐╤А╨╛╨┤╨╗╨╡╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨░╨╗╤М╤И╨╡. ╨Ю╨┐╤П╤В╤М ╨╢╨╡, ╨▓ 2019 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨░╨┤╨╝╨╕╨╜╨╕╤Б╤В╤А╨░╤Ж╨╕╤П ╨б╨и╨Р ╨╖╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╕╨╗╨░ ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░, ╨╜╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╤Г╤З╨╕╨╗╨░ ╨╛╤В╨║╨░╨╖. ╨Т ╨╜╨░╤Б╤В╨╛╤П╤Й╨╡╨╡ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨▓ 2022 ╨│╨╛╨┤╤Г ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╤Б╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В 31,43 ╤В╤А╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨╛╨╜╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨╗╨░╤А╨╛╨▓.

╨Ч╨░ ╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╛╤В╨╕╨▓

╨Ы╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╡╤В ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╨┐╨╗╤О╤Б╤Л ╨╕ ╨╝╨╕╨╜╤Г╤Б╤Л. ╨н╤В╨╛ ╨╛╨║╨░╨╖╤Л╨▓╨░╨╡╤В╤Б╤П ╨▒╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨╕╨╝ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╕╨╝╤Г╤Й╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р. ╨Ю╨╜╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░╤В╤М ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╣ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨╜╨░╤Б╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▒╨╡╨╖ ╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨░ ╨╕ ╨╕╤Б╨┐╨╛╨╗╤М╨╖╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╕╤Е ╨▓ ╨║╨░╤З╨╡╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤З╨╜╨╕╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╤Е╨╛╨┤╨░. ╨Ю╨┤╨╜╨░╨║╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨▒╤Л╤В╤М ╨╜╨╡╨┤╨╛╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┤╤А╤Г╨│╨╕╤Е.

╨е╨╛╤В╤П ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤Б╨▓╨╛╨▒╨╛╨┤╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╤Г╤Б╨║╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╨▒╨╗╨╕╨│╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╕, ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╨╜╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨▓╨░╤В╤М ╨╛╨┐╤А╨╡╨┤╨╡╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В╤Г. ╨Х╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨╕╨╖╨╛╨╣╨┤╨╡╤В, ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨░ ╨╕ ╤Б╨╛╨╛╤В╨▓╨╡╤В╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤Й╨╡╨╡ ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╤А╤Г╤Е╨╜╤Г╤В╤М. ╨Т ╤А╨╡╨╖╤Г╨╗╤М╤В╨░╤В╨╡ ╤Б╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕ ╨│╤А╨░╨╢╨┤╨░╨╜ ╨╝╨╛╨│╤Г╤В ╨▓╨╛╨╖╨╜╨╕╨║╨╜╤Г╤В╤М ╤А╨░╨╖╤А╤Г╤Е╨░ ╨╕ ╤Е╨░╨╛╤Б. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, ╨┐╨╛╨│╨░╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М ╤В╤А╤Г╨┤╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Б╨╛ ╨▓╤А╨╡╨╝╨╡╨╜╨╡╨╝.

╨Я╨╗╤О╤Б╤Л ╨Ь╨╕╨╜╤Г╤Б╤Л ╨Ю╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╨╗╨╡╨│╨║╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▒╤А╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╜╨░╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╤П ╨б╨╜╨╕╨╢╨░╨╡╤В ╨║╤А╨╡╨┤╨╕╤В╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╤А╨╡╨╣╤В╨╕╨╜╨│ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╤Л ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╤В╤А╨╛╨╗╨╕╤А╤Г╨╡╤В ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╤Б╤В╨╛╨╕╨╝╨╛╤Б╤В╤М ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨б╨╗╤Г╨╢╨╕╤В ╨╜╨╡╨╝╨╡╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╝ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡╨╝ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤А╨░╤Б╤Е╨╛╨┤╨╛╨▓ ╨б╨╛╨╖╨┤╨░╨╡╤В ╨╛╨│╤А╨╛╨╝╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨▒╤А╨╡╨╝╤П ╨┤╨╗╤П ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨░ ╨Э╨░╤А╤Г╤И╨░╨╡╤В ╤Д╤Г╨╜╨║╤Ж╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╕╤А╨╛╨▓╨░╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╤Н╨║╨╛╨╜╨╛╨╝╨╕╨║╨╕

╨з╨░╤Б╤В╨╛ ╨╖╨░╨┤╨░╨▓╨░╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╨▓╨╛╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╤Л (FAQ)

1. ╨Т╨╗╨╕╤П╨╡╤В ╨╗╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╡ ╨╛╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡?

╨Ф╨░, ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╤Б╨╡╤А╤М╨╡╨╖╨╜╨╛ ╨▓╨╗╨╕╤П╨╡╤В ╨╜╨░ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╤Г╤О ╨╖╨░╤Й╨╕╤В╤Г. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╤Б╤В╤А╨░╨╜╨░ ╨╜╨╡ ╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╗╨░╤З╨╕╨▓╨░╨╡╤В ╤Б╤Г╨╝╨╝╤Г ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨╖╨░╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╨╡╤В ╨╛ ╨╜╨╡╨▓╤Л╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╜╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╕ ╨╛╨▒╤П╨╖╨░╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓, ╨┐╨╗╨░╤В╨╡╨╢╨╜╤Л╨╡ ╤З╨╡╨║╨╕ ╨┤╨╗╤П ╤А╨░╨▒╨╛╤В╨╜╨╕╨║╨╛╨▓ ╤Б╨╛╤Ж╨╕╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨╛╨▒╨╡╤Б╨┐╨╡╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤П ╨▒╤Г╨┤╤Г╤В ╨╖╨░╨┤╨╡╤А╨╢╨░╨╜╤Л. ╨б╨╛╨│╨╗╨░╤Б╨╜╨╛ ╤Ж╨╕╤Д╤А╨░╨╝, ╨▒╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╡ 65 ╨╝╨╕╨╗╨╗╨╕╨╛╨╜╨╛╨▓ ╤З╨╡╨╗╨╛╨▓╨╡╨║ ╤Г╤З╨░╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г╤О╤В ╨▓ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨╣ ╨┐╤А╨╛╨│╤А╨░╨╝╨╝╨╡ ╨▒╨╡╨╖╨╛╨┐╨░╤Б╨╜╨╛╤Б╤В╨╕.

2. ╨Ь╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╗╨╕ ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨┐╨╛╨┤╨╜╤П╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨│╨╛╤Б╤Г╨┤╨░╤А╤Б╤В╨▓╨╡╨╜╨╜╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░?

╨Ф╨░, ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б ╨╕╨╝╨╡╨╡╤В ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╛ ╤Г╨▓╨╡╨╗╨╕╤З╨╕╤В╤М ╨╖╨░╤А╨░╨╜╨╡╨╡ ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░. ╨Э╨░╨┐╤А╨╕╨╝╨╡╤А, ╨╡╤Б╨╗╨╕ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В, ╤Г╤Б╤В╨░╨╜╨╛╨▓╨╗╨╡╨╜╨╜╤Л╨╣ ╨Ъ╨╛╨╜╨│╤А╨╡╤Б╤Б╨╛╨╝, ╨╜╨╕╨╖╨╛╨║ ╨╕╨╗╨╕ ╨▒╨╗╨╕╨╖╨╛╨║ ╨║ ╨┤╨╡╤Д╨╛╨╗╤В╤Г, ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В ╨╖╨░╨┐╤А╨╛╤Б╨╕╤В╤М ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╡ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В╨░, ╤З╤В╨╛╨▒╤Л ╨╕╨╖╨▒╨╡╨╢╨░╤В╤М ╨┐╨╗╨░╤В╨╡╨╢╨░ ╨┐╨╛ ╨┤╨╡╤Д╨╛╨╗╤В╤Г.

3. ╨б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╤А╨░╨╖ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨░╨╗╤Б╤П?

╨б 1960 ╨│╨╛╨┤╨░ ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨╛ 78 ╨╛╤В╨┤╨╡╨╗╤М╨╜╤Л╤Е ╨┐╨╛╨▓╤Л╤И╨╡╨╜╨╕╨╣ ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░. ╨Ъ╤А╨╛╨╝╨╡ ╤В╨╛╨│╨╛, 49 ╤А╨░╨╖ ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨┐╤А╨╡╨╖╨╕╨┤╨╡╨╜╤В╨░╤Е-╤А╨╡╤Б╨┐╤Г╨▒╨╗╨╕╨║╨░╨╜╤Ж╨░╤Е ╨╕ ╨┐╨╛╤З╤В╨╕ 29 ╤А╨░╨╖ ╨┐╤А╨╕ ╨┤╨╡╨╝╨╛╨║╤А╨░╤В╨╕╤З╨╡╤Б╨║╨╕╤Е.

4. ╨Ъ╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨╕╤В ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨╛╨║ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░?

╨С╨╛╨╗╤М╤И╨░╤П ╤З╨░╤Б╤В╤М ╨╗╨╕╨╝╨╕╤В╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨┐╤А╨╕╨╜╨░╨┤╨╗╨╡╨╢╨╕╤В ╤Д╨╡╨┤╨╡╤А╨░╨╗╤М╨╜╨╛╨╝╤Г ╨┐╤А╨░╨▓╨╕╤В╨╡╨╗╤М╤Б╤В╨▓╤Г (╨б╨и╨Р), ╨┐╨╛╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╤Г ╨╛╨╜╨╕ ╤П╨▓╨╗╤П╤О╤В╤Б╤П ╨╖╨░╨╡╨╝╤Й╨╕╨║╨░╨╝╨╕ ╤Н╤В╨╛╨│╨╛ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░.

╨а╨╡╨║╨╛╨╝╨╡╨╜╨┤╤Г╨╡╨╝╤Л╨╡ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╨╕

╨н╤В╨░ ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╤М╤П ╨▒╤Л╨╗╨░ ╤А╤Г╨║╨╛╨▓╨╛╨┤╤Б╤В╨▓╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╤Г ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨╕ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╖╨╜╨░╤З╨╡╨╜╨╕╤О. ╨Ь╤Л ╨╛╨▒╤К╤П╤Б╨╜╤П╨╡╨╝ ╤Н╤В╨╛ ╨╡╨│╨╛ ╨╕╤Б╤В╨╛╤А╨╕╨╡╨╣, ╨║╤А╨╕╨╖╨╕╤Б╨╛╨╝ ╨┐╨╛╤В╨╛╨╗╨║╨░ ╨┤╨╛╨╗╨│╨░ ╨б╨и╨Р, ╨│╤А╨░╤Д╨╕╨║╨╛╨╝ ╨╕ ╨┐╨╗╤О╤Б╨░╨╝╨╕ ╨╕ ╨╝╨╕╨╜╤Г╤Б╨░╨╝╨╕. ╨Т╤Л ╤В╨░╨║╨╢╨╡ ╨╝╨╛╨╢╨╡╤В╨╡ ╨╜╨░╨╣╤В╨╕ ╨╜╨╡╤Б╨║╨╛╨╗╤М╨║╨╛ ╨┐╨╛╨╗╨╡╨╖╨╜╤Л╤Е ╤Б╤В╨░╤В╨╡╨╣ ╨┐╨╛ ╤Д╨╕╨╜╨░╨╜╤Б╨░╨╝ ╨╖╨┤╨╡╤Б╤М тАУ

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